parser.c

Go to the documentation of this file.

/*
 * This file is part of the Fun programming language.
 * https://fun-lang.xyz/
 *
 * Copyright 2025 Johannes Findeisen <you@hanez.org>
 * Licensed under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license.
 * https://opensource.org/license/apache-2-0
 */


#include "parser.h"
#include "value.h"
#include "vm.h"
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

/* from parser_utils.c */
extern char *preprocess_includes_with_path(const char *src, const char *current_path);

/* Forward declarations for helpers used before their definitions */
static void skip_to_eol(const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos);
static int read_line_start(const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos, int *out_indent);
static void parse_block(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos, int current_indent);

/* ---- parser error state ---- */
static const char *g_current_source_path = NULL; /* for propagating filename into nested bytecodes */
static int g_has_error = 0;
static size_t g_err_pos = 0;
static char g_err_msg[256];
static int g_err_line = 0;
static int g_err_col = 0;

/* ---- compiler-generated temporary counter ---- */
static int g_temp_counter = 0;

/* ---- runtime debug control (for suppressing noisy stdout in production/CGI) ---- */
static int env_truthy(const char *name) {
 const char *v = getenv(name);
 if (!v) return 0;
 if (strcmp(v, "1") == 0) return 1;
 if (strcmp(v, "true") == 0) return 1;
 if (strcmp(v, "TRUE") == 0) return 1;
 if (strcmp(v, "yes") == 0) return 1;
 if (strcmp(v, "YES") == 0) return 1;
 if (strcmp(v, "on") == 0) return 1;
 if (strcmp(v, "ON") == 0) return 1;
 return 0;
}

static int fun_debug_enabled(void) {
 /* Allow enabling debug dumps at runtime via environment.
 * Default is OFF to avoid contaminating stdout (e.g., CGI responses).
 */
 if (env_truthy("FUN_TRACE")) return 1;
 if (env_truthy("FUN_DEBUG")) return 1;
 return 0;
}

/* Declared type metadata encoding in types[]:
 0 = dynamic/untyped;
 positive/negative 8/16/32/64 = integers (negative means signed);
 TYPE_META_STRING/BOOLEAN/NIL mark non-integer enforced types;
 TYPE_META_CLASS marks class instances (Map with "__class"). */
#define TYPE_META_STRING 10001
#define TYPE_META_BOOLEAN 10002
#define TYPE_META_NIL 10003
#define TYPE_META_CLASS 10004
#define TYPE_META_FLOAT 10005
#define TYPE_META_ARRAY 10006

static void parser_fail(size_t pos, const char *fmt, ...) {
 g_has_error = 1;
 g_err_pos = pos;
 va_list ap;
 va_start(ap, fmt);
 vsnprintf(g_err_msg, sizeof(g_err_msg), fmt, ap);
 va_end(ap);
}

static void calc_line_col(const char *src, size_t len, size_t pos, int *out_line, int *out_col) {
 int line = 1, col = 1;
 size_t limit = pos < len ? pos : len;
 for (size_t i = 0; i < limit; ++i) {
 if (src[i] == '\n') {
 line++;
 col = 1;
 } else {
 col++;
 }
 }
 if (out_line) *out_line = line;
 if (out_col) *out_col = col;
}

/* --------------------------- */

/* Namespace alias tracking (for include-as):
 We scan preprocessed source for lines starting with "// __ns_alias__: <name>"
 and treat dot-calls on those identifiers as plain function calls (no implicit 'this'). */
static char *g_ns_aliases[64];
static int g_ns_alias_count = 0;

static void ns_aliases_reset(void) {
 for (int i = 0; i < g_ns_alias_count; ++i) {
 free(g_ns_aliases[i]);
 g_ns_aliases[i] = NULL;
 }
 g_ns_alias_count = 0;
}

static void ns_aliases_scan(const char *src, size_t len) {
 const char *marker = "// __ns_alias__: ";
 size_t mlen = strlen(marker);
 size_t i = 0;
 while (i < len) {
 /* find start of line */
 size_t ls = i;
 /* move to end of line first */
 while (i < len && src[i] != '\n')
 i++;
 size_t le = i;
 /* include trailing '\n' in next iteration */
 if (i < len && src[i] == '\n') i++;

 if (le - ls >= mlen && strncmp(src + ls, marker, mlen) == 0) {
 size_t p = ls + mlen;
 /* read identifier */
 size_t start = p;
 while (p < le && (src[p] == ' ' || src[p] == '\t'))
 p++;
 if (p < le && (isalpha((unsigned char)src[p]) || src[p] == '_')) {
 size_t q = p + 1;
 while (q < le && (isalnum((unsigned char)src[q]) || src[q] == '_'))
 q++;
 size_t n = q - p;
 if (n > 0 && g_ns_alias_count < (int)(sizeof(g_ns_aliases) / sizeof(g_ns_aliases[0]))) {
 char *name = (char *)malloc(n + 1);
 if (name) {
 memcpy(name, src + p, n);
 name[n] = '\0';
 g_ns_aliases[g_ns_alias_count++] = name;
 }
 }
 }
 }
 }
}

static int is_ns_alias(const char *name) {
 if (!name) return 0;
 for (int i = 0; i < g_ns_alias_count; ++i) {
 if (strcmp(g_ns_aliases[i], name) == 0) return 1;
 }
 return 0;
}

#include "parser_utils.c"

/* very small global symbol table for LOAD_GLOBAL/STORE_GLOBAL */
static struct {
 char *names[MAX_GLOBALS];
 int types[MAX_GLOBALS]; /* 0=untyped/number default; else bit width: 8/16/32/64; negative for signed */
 int is_class[MAX_GLOBALS]; /* 1 if this global name denotes a class factory */
 int count;
} G = {{0}, {0}, {0}, 0};

static int sym_find(const char *name) {
 for (int i = 0; i < G.count; ++i) {
 if (strcmp(G.names[i], name) == 0) return i;
 }
 return -1;
}

static int sym_index(const char *name) {
 int existing = sym_find(name);
 if (existing >= 0) return existing;
 if (G.count >= MAX_GLOBALS) {
 parser_fail(0, "Too many globals (max %d)", MAX_GLOBALS);
 return 0;
 }
 G.names[G.count] = strdup(name);
 G.types[G.count] = 0; /* default: untyped */
 G.is_class[G.count] = 0; /* default: not a class */
 return G.count++;
}

/* ---- locals environment for functions ---- */
typedef struct {
 char *names[MAX_FRAME_LOCALS];
 int types[MAX_FRAME_LOCALS]; /* 0=untyped; else bit width: 8/16/32/64 */
 int count;
} LocalEnv;

static LocalEnv *g_locals = NULL;

/* --- nested function environment tracking (for no-capture enforcement) --- */
static LocalEnv *g_func_env_stack[64];
static int g_func_env_depth = 0; /* number of valid outer env entries */

static int name_in_outer_envs(const char *name) {
 if (g_func_env_depth <= 0) return 0;
 for (int d = g_func_env_depth - 1; d >= 0; --d) {
 LocalEnv *e = g_func_env_stack[d];
 if (!e) continue;
 for (int i = 0; i < e->count; ++i) {
 if (e->names[i] && strcmp(e->names[i], name) == 0) return 1;
 }
 }
 return 0;
}

/* loop context for break/continue patching */
typedef struct LoopCtx {
 int break_jumps[64];
 int break_count;
 int continue_jumps[64];
 int cont_count;
 struct LoopCtx *prev;
} LoopCtx;

static LoopCtx *g_loop_ctx = NULL;

static int local_find(const char *name) {
 if (!g_locals) return -1;
 for (int i = 0; i < g_locals->count; ++i) {
 if (strcmp(g_locals->names[i], name) == 0) return i;
 }
 return -1;
}

static int local_add(const char *name) {
 if (!g_locals) return -1;
 if (g_locals->count >= MAX_FRAME_LOCALS) {
 parser_fail(0, "Too many local variables/parameters (max %d)", MAX_FRAME_LOCALS);
 return -1;
 }
 int idx = g_locals->count++;
 g_locals->names[idx] = strdup(name);
 return idx;
}

/* forward declaration so helpers can recurse */
static int emit_expression(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos);

/* primary: (expr) | string | number | true/false | identifier */
static int emit_primary(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 /* anonymous function literal: fn(arg, ...) <newline> indented-body end */
 if (*pos + 2 < len && starts_with(src, len, *pos, "fn") && (src[*pos + 2] == '(' || src[*pos + 2] == ' ' || src[*pos + 2] == '\t')) {
 *pos += 2;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, '(')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected '(' after 'fn'");
 return 0;
 }

 /* build locals from parameters */
 LocalEnv env = {{0}, {0}, 0};
 LocalEnv *prev = g_locals;
 int saved_depth = g_func_env_depth;
 /* push outer env for no-capture checks */
 if (prev != NULL) {
 if (g_func_env_depth >= (int)(sizeof(g_func_env_stack) / sizeof(g_func_env_stack[0]))) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Too many nested functions (env stack overflow)");
 return 0;
 }
 g_func_env_stack[g_func_env_depth++] = prev;
 }
 g_locals = &env;

 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 for (;;) {
 char *pname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &pname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected parameter name");
 g_locals = prev;
 g_func_env_depth = saved_depth;
 return 0;
 }
 if (local_find(pname) >= 0) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Duplicate parameter name '%s'", pname);
 free(pname);
 g_locals = prev;
 g_func_env_depth = saved_depth;
 return 0;
 }
 local_add(pname);
 free(pname);
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after parameter list");
 g_locals = prev;
 g_func_env_depth = saved_depth;
 return 0;
 }
 /* end header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* compile body into separate Bytecode */
 Bytecode *fn_bc = bytecode_new();
 if (fn_bc) {
 if (fn_bc->name) free((void *)fn_bc->name);
 fn_bc->name = strdup("<fn>");
 if (fn_bc->source_file) free((void *)fn_bc->source_file);
 if (g_current_source_path) fn_bc->source_file = strdup(g_current_source_path);
 }

 /* parse body at increased indent if present */
 int body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_body = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_body, &body_indent) && body_indent > 0) {
 parse_block(fn_bc, src, len, pos, body_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty body ok */
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(fn_bc, OP_RETURN, 0);

 /* restore env stack */
 g_locals = prev;
 g_func_env_depth = saved_depth;

 int fci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_function(fn_bc));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, fci);
 return 1;
 }

 /* parenthesized */
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '(') {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '('");
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')'");
 return 0;
 }
 /* postfix indexing or slice */
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '[') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected start expression");
 return 0;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ':') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 size_t savep4 = *pos;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 *pos = savep4;
 int ci4 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(-1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci4);
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after slice");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SLICE, 0);
 continue;
 } else {
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after index");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 continue;
 }
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
 }

 /* string */
 char *s = parse_string_literal_any_quote(src, len, pos);
 if (s) {
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(s));
 free(s);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 /* postfix indexing or slice */
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '[') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected start expression");
 return 0;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ':') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 /* end is optional; if missing, use -1 (till end) */
 int has_end = 0;
 size_t savep = *pos;
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 has_end = 1;
 } else {
 *pos = savep;
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(-1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after slice");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SLICE, 0);
 continue;
 } else {
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after index");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 continue;
 }
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
 }

 /* array literal: [expr, expr, ...] */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '[') {
 (*pos)++; /* '[' */
 int count = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ']') {
 for (;;) {
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression in array literal");
 return 0;
 }
 count++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' to close array literal");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_MAKE_ARRAY, count);
 /* postfix indexing or slice */
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '[') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected start expression");
 return 0;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ':') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 size_t savep3 = *pos;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 *pos = savep3;
 int ci3 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(-1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci3);
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after slice");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SLICE, 0);
 continue;
 } else {
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after index");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 continue;
 }
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
 }

 /* map literal: { "key": expr, ... } */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '{') {
 (*pos)++; /* '{' */
 int pairs = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != '}') {
 for (;;) {
 /* key must be a string literal */
 char *k = parse_string_literal_any_quote(src, len, pos);
 if (!k) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected string key in map literal");
 return 0;
 }
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(k));
 free(k);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ':')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ':' after map key");
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected value expression in map literal");
 return 0;
 }
 pairs++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, '}')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected '}' to close map literal");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_MAKE_MAP, pairs);
 return 1;
 }

 /* number (prefer float first to consume cases like 1.23 or 1e2) */
 int ok = 0;
 size_t save = *pos;
 /* float literal */
 double fval = parse_float_literal_value(src, len, pos, &ok);
 if (ok) {
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_float(fval));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 /* postfix indexing or slice (not typical for floats but keep consistency) */
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '[') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected start expression");
 return 0;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ':') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 size_t savep2 = *pos;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 *pos = savep2;
 int ci2 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(-1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci2);
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after slice");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SLICE, 0);
 continue;
 } else {
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after index");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 continue;
 }
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
 }
 *pos = save;
 /* integer literal */
 int64_t ival = parse_int_literal_value(src, len, pos, &ok);
 if (ok) {
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(ival));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 /* postfix indexing or slice */
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '[') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected start expression");
 return 0;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ':') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 int has_end = 0;
 size_t savep2 = *pos;
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 has_end = 1;
 } else {
 *pos = savep2;
 int ci2 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(-1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci2);
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after slice");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SLICE, 0);
 continue;
 } else {
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after index");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 continue;
 }
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
 }

 /* identifier or keyword */
 char *name = NULL;
 if (read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &name)) {
 if (strcmp(name, "true") == 0 || strcmp(name, "false") == 0) {
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_bool(strcmp(name, "true") == 0 ? 1 : 0));
 free(name);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 return 1;
 }

 /* call or variable load (locals preferred) */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 int local_idx = local_find(name);
 int is_call = (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '(');

 if (is_call) {
 /* builtins */
 if (strcmp(name, "len") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "len expects 1 argument");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after len arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LEN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "push") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "push expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "push expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "push expects value");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after push args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PUSH, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "pop") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pop expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pop arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_APOP, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "set") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "set expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "set expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "set expects index");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "set expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "set expects value");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after set args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SET, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "insert") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "insert expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "insert expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "insert expects index");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "insert expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "insert expects value");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after insert args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INSERT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "remove") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "remove expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "remove expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "remove expects index");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after remove args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_REMOVE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "to_number") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "to_number expects 1 argument");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after to_number arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TO_NUMBER, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "to_string") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "to_string expects 1 argument");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after to_string arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TO_STRING, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "cast") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* cast(value, typeName) */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "cast expects (value, typeName)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "cast expects (value, typeName)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CAST, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "typeof") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* Special handling for typeof(<identifier>) to return declared subtype for integers */
 size_t peek = *pos;
 char *vname = NULL;
 int handled = 0;
 if (read_identifier_into(src, len, &peek, &vname)) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, &peek);
 if (peek < len && src[peek] == ')') {
 int meta = 0;
 int lidx = local_find(vname);
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 meta = g_locals->types[lidx];
 } else {
 int gi = sym_index(vname);
 if (gi >= 0) meta = G.types[gi];
 }

 if (meta != 0 && meta != TYPE_META_STRING && meta != TYPE_META_BOOLEAN && meta != TYPE_META_NIL && meta != TYPE_META_CLASS && meta != TYPE_META_FLOAT) {
 /* Integer subtype: ±bits */
 int abs_bits = meta < 0 ? -meta : meta;
 const char *tname = (meta < 0)
 ? (abs_bits == 64 ? "Sint64" : (abs_bits == 32 ? "Sint32" : (abs_bits == 16 ? "Sint16" : "Sint8")))
 : (abs_bits == 64 ? "Uint64" : (abs_bits == 32 ? "Uint32" : (abs_bits == 16 ? "Uint16" : "Uint8")));
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(tname));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 *pos = peek + 1; /* consume name and ')' */
 handled = 1;
 }
 free(vname);
 } else {
 free(vname);
 }
 }

 if (!handled) {
 /* General case: typeof(expression)
 If the value is a Map with "__class" key, return that string; else return base typeof.
 */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "typeof expects 1 argument");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after typeof arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }

 /* [v] */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0); /* [v, v] */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0); /* [v, tname] */
 {
 int ciMap = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Map"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMap); /* [v, tname, "Map"] */
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0); /* [v, isMap] */
 int j_if_not_map = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 /* Map branch: [v] */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0); /* [v, v] */
 {
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("__class"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci); /* [v, v, "__class"] */
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HAS_KEY, 0); /* [v, has] */
 int j_no_meta = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* has __class: try toString() -> return its result */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0); /* [v, v] */
 {
 int kcits = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("toString"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kcits); /* [v, v, "toString"] */
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0); /* [v, func] */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SWAP, 0); /* [func, v] */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CALL, 1); /* [string] */
 int j_end = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);

 /* no meta: drop v and return "Map" */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_no_meta, bc->instr_count);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POP, 0); /* [] */
 {
 int ciMap2 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Map"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMap2); /* ["Map"] */
 }
 int j_end2 = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 int after_map = bc->instr_count;

 /* not map: compute typeof(v) */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_if_not_map, after_map);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0); /* [tname] */

 /* end */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_end, bc->instr_count);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_end2, bc->instr_count);
 }

 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "keys") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "keys expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_KEYS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "values") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "values expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_VALUES, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "has") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "has expects (map, key)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "has expects (map, key)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HAS_KEY, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "read_file") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "read_file expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_READ_FILE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "write_file") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "write_file expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "write_file expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_WRITE_FILE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "input") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 int hasPrompt = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "input expects 0 or 1 argument");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 hasPrompt = 1;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after input arg(s)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INPUT_LINE, hasPrompt ? 1 : 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "input_hidden") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 int hasPrompt = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "input_hidden expects 0 or 1 argument");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 hasPrompt = 1;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after input_hidden arg(s)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 /* operand bit0 = hasPrompt, bit1 = hidden */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INPUT_LINE, (hasPrompt ? 1 : 0) | 2);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "proc_run") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "proc_run expects 1 argument (command string)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after proc_run arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PROC_RUN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "system") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "system expects 1 argument (command string)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after system arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PROC_SYSTEM, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "time_now_ms") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "time_now_ms expects ()");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TIME_NOW_MS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "clock_mono_ms") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "clock_mono_ms expects ()");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CLOCK_MONO_MS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "date_format") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "date_format expects (ms:int, fmt:string)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "date_format expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "date_format expects (ms:int, fmt:string)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after date_format args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DATE_FORMAT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "env") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "env expects 1 argument");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after env arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ENV, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "env_all") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "env_all expects ()");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ENV_ALL, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "fun_version") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fun_version expects ()");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_FUN_VERSION, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "rust_hello") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "rust_hello expects ()");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RUST_HELLO, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "rust_hello_args") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "rust_hello_args expects (message:string)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after rust_hello_args arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RUST_HELLO_ARGS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "rust_hello_args_return") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "rust_hello_args_return expects (message:string)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after rust_hello_args_return arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RUST_HELLO_ARGS_RETURN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "rust_get_sp") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "rust_get_sp expects ()");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RUST_GET_SP, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "rust_set_exit") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "rust_set_exit expects (code:int)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after rust_set_exit arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RUST_SET_EXIT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "cpp_add") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "cpp_add expects (a:int, b:int)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "cpp_add expects two arguments");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "cpp_add expects (a:int, b:int)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after cpp_add args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CPP_ADD, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "os_list_dir") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "os_list_dir expects (path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after os_list_dir arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_OS_LIST_DIR, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* JSON builtins */
 if (strcmp(name, "json_parse") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_parse expects (text)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after json_parse arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JSON_PARSE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* XML builtins (minimal) */
 if (strcmp(name, "xml_parse") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "xml_parse expects (text)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after xml_parse arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_XML_PARSE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "xml_root") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "xml_root expects (doc_handle)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after xml_root arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_XML_ROOT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "xml_name") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "xml_name expects (node_handle)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after xml_name arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_XML_NAME, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "xml_text") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "xml_text expects (node_handle)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after xml_text arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_XML_TEXT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "json_stringify") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_stringify expects (value, pretty)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_stringify expects (value, pretty)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_stringify expects (value, pretty)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after json_stringify args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JSON_STRINGIFY, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "json_from_file") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_from_file expects (path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after json_from_file arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JSON_FROM_FILE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "json_to_file") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_to_file expects (path, value, pretty)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_to_file expects (path, value, pretty)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_to_file expects (path, value, pretty)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_to_file expects (path, value, pretty)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "json_to_file expects (path, value, pretty)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after json_to_file args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JSON_TO_FILE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* INI (iniparser 4.2.6) builtins */
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_load") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_load expects (path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_load arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_LOAD, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_free") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_free expects (handle)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_free arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_FREE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_get_string") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_string expects (handle, section, key, default)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_string expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_string expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_string expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_string expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_string expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_string expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_get_string args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_GET_STRING, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_get_int") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_int expects (handle, section, key, default)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_int expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_int expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_int expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_int expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_int expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_int expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_get_int args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_GET_INT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_get_double") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_double expects (handle, section, key, default)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_double expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_double expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_double expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_double expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_double expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_double expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_get_double args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_GET_DOUBLE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_get_bool") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_bool expects (handle, section, key, default)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_bool expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_bool expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_bool expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_bool expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_bool expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_get_bool expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_get_bool args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_GET_BOOL, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_set") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_set expects (handle, section, key, value)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_set expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_set expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_set expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_set expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_set expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_set expects 4 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_set args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_SET, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_unset") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_unset expects (handle, section, key)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_unset expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_unset expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_unset expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_unset expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_unset args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_UNSET, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ini_save") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_save expects (handle, path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_save expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ini_save expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after ini_save args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INI_SAVE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* CURL builtins (minimal interface like JSON) */
 if (strcmp(name, "curl_get") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "curl_get expects (url)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after curl_get arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CURL_GET, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* SQLite builtins */
 if (strcmp(name, "sqlite_open") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqlite_open expects (path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after sqlite_open arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SQLITE_OPEN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sqlite_close") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqlite_close expects (handle)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after sqlite_close arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SQLITE_CLOSE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sqlite_exec") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqlite_exec expects (handle, sql)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqlite_exec expects (handle, sql)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqlite_exec expects (handle, sql)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after sqlite_exec args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SQLITE_EXEC, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sqlite_query") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqlite_query expects (handle, sql)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqlite_query expects (handle, sql)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqlite_query expects (handle, sql)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after sqlite_query args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SQLITE_QUERY, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "curl_post") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "curl_post expects (url, body)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "curl_post expects (url, body)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "curl_post expects (url, body)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after curl_post args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CURL_POST, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "curl_download") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "curl_download expects (url, path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "curl_download expects (url, path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "curl_download expects (url, path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after curl_download args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CURL_DOWNLOAD, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* OpenSSL (md5/sha256/sha512) */
 if (strcmp(name, "openssl_md5") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "openssl_md5 expects (data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after openssl_md5 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_OPENSSL_MD5, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "openssl_sha256") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "openssl_sha256 expects (data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after openssl_sha256 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_OPENSSL_SHA256, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "openssl_sha512") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "openssl_sha512 expects (data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after openssl_sha512 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_OPENSSL_SHA512, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "openssl_ripemd160") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "openssl_ripemd160 expects (data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after openssl_ripemd160 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_OPENSSL_RIPEMD160, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* LibreSSL builtins removed */
 /* PCSC builtins */
 if (strcmp(name, "pcsc_establish") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* no args */
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_establish expects ()");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCSC_ESTABLISH, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* PCRE2 builtins */
 if (strcmp(name, "pcre2_test") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* (pattern, text, flags) */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_test expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_test expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_test expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_test expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_test expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pcre2_test args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCRE2_TEST, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "pcre2_match") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_match expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_match expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_match expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_match expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_match expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pcre2_match args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCRE2_MATCH, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "pcre2_findall") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_findall expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_findall expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_findall expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_findall expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcre2_findall expects (pattern, text, flags)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pcre2_findall args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCRE2_FINDALL, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* PCSC builtins (optional) */
 if (strcmp(name, "pcsc_release") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_release expects 1 argument (ctx)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pcsc_release arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCSC_RELEASE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "pcsc_list_readers") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_list_readers expects 1 argument (ctx)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pcsc_list_readers arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCSC_LIST_READERS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "pcsc_connect") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* ctx, reader */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_connect expects (ctx, reader)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_connect expects (ctx, reader)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_connect expects (ctx, reader)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pcsc_connect args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCSC_CONNECT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "pcsc_disconnect") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_disconnect expects 1 argument (handle)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pcsc_disconnect arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCSC_DISCONNECT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "pcsc_transmit") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* handle, bytes */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_transmit expects (handle, bytes)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_transmit expects (handle, bytes)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pcsc_transmit expects (handle, bytes)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after pcsc_transmit args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PCSC_TRANSMIT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* Socket builtins */
 if (strcmp(name, "tcp_listen") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "tcp_listen expects (port, backlog)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "tcp_listen expects (port, backlog)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "tcp_listen expects (port, backlog)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after tcp_listen args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SOCK_TCP_LISTEN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "tcp_accept") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "tcp_accept expects (listen_fd)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after tcp_accept arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SOCK_TCP_ACCEPT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "tcp_connect") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "tcp_connect expects (host, port)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "tcp_connect expects (host, port)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "tcp_connect expects (host, port)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after tcp_connect args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SOCK_TCP_CONNECT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sock_send") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sock_send expects (fd, data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sock_send expects (fd, data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sock_send expects (fd, data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after sock_send args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SOCK_SEND, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sock_recv") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sock_recv expects (fd, maxlen)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sock_recv expects (fd, maxlen)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sock_recv expects (fd, maxlen)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after sock_recv args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SOCK_RECV, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sock_close") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sock_close expects (fd)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after sock_close arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SOCK_CLOSE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "unix_listen") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "unix_listen expects (path, backlog)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "unix_listen expects (path, backlog)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "unix_listen expects (path, backlog)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after unix_listen args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SOCK_UNIX_LISTEN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "unix_connect") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "unix_connect expects (path)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after unix_connect arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SOCK_UNIX_CONNECT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* Async-friendly FD helpers */
 if (strcmp(name, "fd_set_nonblock") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* Expect (fd, on) -> push fd then on so VM pops on first */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_set_nonblock expects (fd, on)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_set_nonblock expects (fd, on)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_set_nonblock expects (fd, on)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after fd_set_nonblock args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_FD_SET_NONBLOCK, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "fd_poll_read") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* Expect (fd, timeout_ms) -> push fd then timeout so VM pops timeout first */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_poll_read expects (fd, timeout_ms)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_poll_read expects (fd, timeout_ms)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_poll_read expects (fd, timeout_ms)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after fd_poll_read args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_FD_POLL_READ, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "fd_poll_write") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* Expect (fd, timeout_ms) */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_poll_write expects (fd, timeout_ms)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_poll_write expects (fd, timeout_ms)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fd_poll_write expects (fd, timeout_ms)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after fd_poll_write args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_FD_POLL_WRITE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* Serial builtins */
 if (strcmp(name, "serial_open") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_open expects (path, baud)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_open expects (path, baud)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_open expects (path, baud)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after serial_open args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SERIAL_OPEN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "serial_config") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 // fd, data_bits, parity, stop_bits, flow_control
 for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_config expects 5 arguments");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (i < 4) {
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_config expects 5 arguments");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 }
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after serial_config args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SERIAL_CONFIG, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "serial_send") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_send expects (fd, data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_send expects (fd, data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_send expects (fd, data)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after serial_send args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SERIAL_SEND, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "serial_recv") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_recv expects (fd, maxlen)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_recv expects (fd, maxlen)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_recv expects (fd, maxlen)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after serial_recv args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SERIAL_RECV, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "serial_close") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "serial_close expects (fd)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after serial_close arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SERIAL_CLOSE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* string ops */
 if (strcmp(name, "split") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "split expects string");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "split expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "split expects separator");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after split args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SPLIT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "join") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "join expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "join expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "join expects separator");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after join args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JOIN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "substr") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "substr expects string");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "substr expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "substr expects start");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "substr expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "substr expects len");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after substr args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SUBSTR, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "find") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "find expects haystack");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "find expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "find expects needle");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after find args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_FIND, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* regex ops */
 if (strcmp(name, "regex_match") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_match expects text");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_match expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_match expects pattern");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after regex_match args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_REGEX_MATCH, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "regex_search") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_search expects text");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_search expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_search expects pattern");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after regex_search args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_REGEX_SEARCH, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "regex_replace") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_replace expects text");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_replace expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_replace expects pattern");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_replace expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "regex_replace expects replacement");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after regex_replace args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_REGEX_REPLACE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* array utils */
 if (strcmp(name, "contains") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "contains expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "contains expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "contains expects value");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after contains args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CONTAINS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "indexOf") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "indexOf expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "indexOf expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "indexOf expects value");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after indexOf args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_OF, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "clear") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "clear expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after clear arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CLEAR, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* iteration helpers */
 if (strcmp(name, "enumerate") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "enumerate expects array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after enumerate arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ENUMERATE, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "map") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* arr */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "map expects (array, function)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 /* store arr -> __map_arr */
 char tarr[64];
 snprintf(tarr, sizeof(tarr), "__map_arr_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int larr = -1, garr = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 larr = local_add(tarr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 garr = sym_index(tarr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, garr);
 }
 /* func */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "map expects (array, function)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 char tfn[64];
 snprintf(tfn, sizeof(tfn), "__map_fn_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lfn = -1, gfn = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lfn = local_add(tfn);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lfn);
 } else {
 gfn = sym_index(tfn);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gfn);
 }
 /* res array */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_MAKE_ARRAY, 0);
 char tres[64];
 snprintf(tres, sizeof(tres), "__map_res_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lres = -1, gres = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lres = local_add(tres);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lres);
 } else {
 gres = sym_index(tres);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gres);
 }
 /* i=0 */
 int c0 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c0);
 char ti[64];
 snprintf(ti, sizeof(ti), "__map_i_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int li = -1, gi = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 li = local_add(ti);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 gi = sym_index(ti);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 /* loop start */
 int loop_start = bc->instr_count;
 /* i < len(arr) */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LEN, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LT, 0);
 int jf = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* elem = arr[i] */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 /* call fn(elem) */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lfn);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gfn);
 }
 /* reorder: we need fn below arg -> push fn first then arg already on stack? We currently have elem on stack; push fn now results top=fn. We want top args then function; OP_CALL expects fn then pops args? Our OP_CALL pops function after args; earlier compile of calls: they push function then args then OP_CALL. So we need to swap: push fn, then swap to make function below arg */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SWAP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CALL, 1);
 /* Append to result via indexed assignment: res[len(res)] = value */
 /* Store computed value to a temp */
 char tv[64];
 snprintf(tv, sizeof(tv), "__map_v_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lv = -1, gv = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lv = local_add(tv);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lv);
 } else {
 gv = sym_index(tv);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gv);
 }

 /* Push array (for INDEX_SET we need stack: value, index, array; we will build array, index, then value) */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lres);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gres);
 }

 /* Compute index = len(res) */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lres);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gres);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LEN, 0);

 /* Load value back on top */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lv);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gv);
 }

 /* Append via insert: res.insert(index=len(res), value) */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INSERT, 0);
 /* dApache-2.0ard returned new length */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POP, 0);

 /* i++ */
 int c1 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(1));
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, loop_start);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jf, bc->instr_count);
 /* result value on stack */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lres);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gres);
 }
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "filter") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "filter expects (array, function)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 char tarr[64];
 snprintf(tarr, sizeof(tarr), "__flt_arr_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int larr = -1, garr = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 larr = local_add(tarr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 garr = sym_index(tarr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, garr);
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "filter expects (array, function)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 char tfn[64];
 snprintf(tfn, sizeof(tfn), "__flt_fn_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lfn = -1, gfn = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lfn = local_add(tfn);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lfn);
 } else {
 gfn = sym_index(tfn);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gfn);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_MAKE_ARRAY, 0);
 char tres[64];
 snprintf(tres, sizeof(tres), "__flt_res_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lres = -1, gres = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lres = local_add(tres);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lres);
 } else {
 gres = sym_index(tres);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gres);
 }
 int c0 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c0);
 char ti[64];
 snprintf(ti, sizeof(ti), "__flt_i_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int li = -1, gi = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 li = local_add(ti);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 gi = sym_index(ti);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 int loop_start = bc->instr_count;
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LEN, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LT, 0);
 int jf = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lfn);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gfn);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SWAP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CALL, 1);
 /* if truthy then push elem to res */
 int jskip = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* Append element to result: res[len(res)] = elem */
 /* Reload element into a temp */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);

 char tvf[64];
 snprintf(tvf, sizeof(tvf), "__flt_v_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lvf = -1, gvf = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lvf = local_add(tvf);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lvf);
 } else {
 gvf = sym_index(tvf);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gvf);
 }

 /* Push array */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lres);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gres);
 }

 /* index = len(res) */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lres);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gres);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LEN, 0);

 /* value */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lvf);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gvf);
 }

 /* Append via insert: res.insert(index=len(res), value) */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INSERT, 0);
 /* dApache-2.0ard returned new length */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POP, 0);

 int c1 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(1));
 /* patch skip over append */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jskip, bc->instr_count);
 /* i++ */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, loop_start);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jf, bc->instr_count);
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lres);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gres);
 }
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "reduce") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "reduce expects (array, init, function)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 char tarr[64];
 snprintf(tarr, sizeof(tarr), "__red_arr_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int larr = -1, garr = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 larr = local_add(tarr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 garr = sym_index(tarr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, garr);
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "reduce expects (array, init, function)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 char tacc[64];
 snprintf(tacc, sizeof(tacc), "__red_acc_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lacc = -1, gacc = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lacc = local_add(tacc);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lacc);
 } else {
 gacc = sym_index(tacc);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gacc);
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "reduce expects (array, init, function)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 char tfn[64];
 snprintf(tfn, sizeof(tfn), "__red_fn_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lfn = -1, gfn = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lfn = local_add(tfn);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lfn);
 } else {
 gfn = sym_index(tfn);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gfn);
 }
 /* loop */
 int c0 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c0);
 char ti[64];
 snprintf(ti, sizeof(ti), "__red_i_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int li = -1, gi = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 li = local_add(ti);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 gi = sym_index(ti);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 int loop_start = bc->instr_count;
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LEN, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LT, 0);
 int jf = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* elem */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);

 /* Store elem to a temp so we can build stack as: fn, acc, elem */
 char telem[64];
 snprintf(telem, sizeof(telem), "__red_elem_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lelem = -1, gelem = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lelem = local_add(telem);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lelem);
 } else {
 gelem = sym_index(telem);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gelem);
 }

 /* push function */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lfn);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gfn);
 }

 /* push accumulator (arg1) */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lacc);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gacc);
 }

 /* push element (arg2) */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lelem);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gelem);
 }

 /* call fn(acc, elem) -> result */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CALL, 2);
 /* store to acc */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lacc);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gacc);
 }
 int c1 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(1));
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, loop_start);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jf, bc->instr_count);
 /* result = acc on stack */
 if (g_locals) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lacc);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gacc);
 }
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "zip") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "zip expects first array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "zip expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "zip expects second array");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after zip args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ZIP, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 /* math */
 if (strcmp(name, "min") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "min expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "min expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_MIN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "max") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "max expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "max expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_MAX, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "fmin") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fmin expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fmin expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_FMIN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "fmax") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fmax expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "fmax expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_FMAX, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "clamp") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "clamp expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "clamp expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "clamp expects 3 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CLAMP, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "abs") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "abs expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ABS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "floor") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "floor expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_FLOOR, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ceil") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ceil expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CEIL, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "trunc") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "trunc expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TRUNC, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "round") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "round expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ROUND, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sin") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sin expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SIN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "cos") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "cos expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_COS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "tan") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "tan expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TAN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "exp") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "exp expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EXP, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "log") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "log expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOG, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "log10") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "log10 expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOG10, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sqrt") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sqrt expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SQRT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "gcd") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "gcd expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "gcd expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_GCD, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "lcm") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "lcm expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "lcm expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LCM, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "isqrt") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "isqrt expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ISQRT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sign") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sign expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SIGN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "pow") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pow expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "pow expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POW, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }

 if (strcmp(name, "random_seed") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "random_seed expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RANDOM_SEED, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "random_int") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "random_int expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "random_int expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RANDOM_INT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }

 if (strcmp(name, "random_number") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* expects exactly 1 arg: length */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "random_number expects 1 arg (length)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after random_number arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RANDOM_NUMBER, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }

 /* threading */
 if (strcmp(name, "thread_spawn") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 /* thread_spawn(fn [, args]) */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "thread_spawn expects function as first arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 int hasArgs = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "thread_spawn second arg must be array or value");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 hasArgs = 1;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after thread_spawn args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_THREAD_SPAWN, hasArgs ? 1 : 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "thread_join") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "thread_join expects 1 arg (thread id)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_THREAD_JOIN, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "sleep") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "sleep expects 1 arg (milliseconds)");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SLEEP_MS, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }

 /* bitwise ops (32-bit) */
 if (strcmp(name, "band") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "band expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "band expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_BAND, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "bor") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "bor expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "bor expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_BOR, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "bxor") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "bxor expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "bxor expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_BXOR, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "bnot") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "bnot expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "bnot expects 1 arg");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_BNOT, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "shl") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "shl expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "shl expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SHL, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "shr") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "shr expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "shr expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SHR, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "rol") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "rol expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "rol expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ROTL, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "ror") == 0) {
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ror expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos) || !consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "ror expects 2 args");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ROTR, 0);
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }

 /* push function value first */
 if (local_idx < 0 && name_in_outer_envs(name)) {
 const char *fname = (bc && bc->name) ? bc->name : "<function>";
 parser_fail(*pos, "Nested function '%s' cannot access outer local '%s'. Pass it as a parameter instead.", fname, name);
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (local_idx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, local_idx);
 } else {
 int gi = sym_index(name);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 /* Track namespace alias only for the initial receiver; after any call it's no longer an alias value */
 int __ns_ctx = is_ns_alias(name);
 /* parse arguments */
 (*pos)++; /* '(' */
 int argc = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 do {
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression as function argument");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 argc++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } while (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',' && (++(*pos), skip_spaces(src, len, pos), 1));
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after arguments");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
#ifdef FUN_DEBUG
 /* DEBUG: show compiled call (only when FUN_DEBUG/FUN_TRACE enabled at runtime) */
 if (fun_debug_enabled()) {
 printf("compile: CALL %s with %d arg(s)\n", name, argc);
 }
#endif
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CALL, argc);
 /* postfix indexing, slice, and dot access/method calls */
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 /* index/slice */
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '[') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected start expression");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ':') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 size_t svp = *pos;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 *pos = svp;
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(-1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after slice");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SLICE, 0);
 continue;
 } else {
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after index");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 continue;
 }
 }

 /* dot property access and method-call sugar: obj.field or obj.method(...) */
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '.') {
 (*pos)++; /* '.' */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 char *mname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &mname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected identifier after '.'");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 int is_private = (mname && mname[0] == '_');
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(mname));

 /* Peek for immediate call: obj.method( ... ) */
 size_t callp = *pos;
 skip_spaces(src, len, &callp);
 if (callp < len && src[callp] == '(') {
 /* If private method on non-'this' receiver in this context -> error */
 if (is_private) {
 char msg[160];
 snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "AccessError: private method '%s' is not accessible here", mname);
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(msg));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 free(mname);
 continue;
 }

 /* After a function call, the receiver is a value (not a namespace alias);
 always treat dot-call as a method with implicit 'this'. */
 int is_ns = 0;

 /* Method sugar with implicit 'this' */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0); /* -> stack: obj, func */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SWAP, 0); /* -> stack: func, obj (this) */

 /* Consume '(' and parse args */
 *pos = callp + 1;
 int argc = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 do {
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression as method argument");
 free(mname);
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 argc++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } while (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',' && (++(*pos), skip_spaces(src, len, pos), 1));
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after arguments");
 free(mname);
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }

 /* Call */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CALL, is_ns ? argc : (argc + 1));
 free(mname);
 continue;
 } else {
 /* Plain property get: obj["field"] */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 free(mname);
 continue;
 }
 }

 break;
 }
 free(name);
 return 1;
 } else {
 if (local_idx < 0 && name_in_outer_envs(name)) {
 const char *fname = (bc && bc->name) ? bc->name : "<function>";
 parser_fail(*pos, "Nested function '%s' cannot access outer local '%s'. Pass it as a parameter instead.", fname, name);
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 if (local_idx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, local_idx);
 } else {
 int gi = sym_index(name);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 /* track namespace alias only for the initial receiver; after any call it's no longer an alias value */
 int __ns_ctx = is_ns_alias(name);
 /* postfix indexing, slice, and dot access/method calls */
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 /* index/slice */
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '[') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected start expression");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ':') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 size_t svp = *pos;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 *pos = svp;
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(-1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after slice");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SLICE, 0);
 continue;
 } else {
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ']' after index");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 continue;
 }
 }

 /* dot property access and method-call sugar */
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '.') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 char *mname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &mname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected identifier after '.'");
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 int is_private = (mname && mname[0] == '_');
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(mname));

 /* Peek for call */
 size_t callp = *pos;
 skip_spaces(src, len, &callp);
 if (callp < len && src[callp] == '(') {
 /* If private and receiver is not 'this' -> error */
 if (is_private && !(strcmp(name, "this") == 0)) {
 char msg[160];
 snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "AccessError: private method '%s' is not accessible", mname);
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(msg));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 free(mname);
 continue;
 }

 /* Use initial alias context for only the first dot-call; reset after call */
 int is_ns = __ns_ctx;

 if (!is_ns) {
 /* Method sugar with implicit 'this' */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0); /* -> obj, func */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SWAP, 0); /* -> func, obj */
 } else {
 /* Plain property function call */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0); /* -> func */
 }

 *pos = callp + 1;
 int argc = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 do {
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression as method argument");
 free(mname);
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }
 argc++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 } while (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',' && (++(*pos), skip_spaces(src, len, pos), 1));
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after arguments");
 free(mname);
 free(name);
 return 0;
 }

 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_CALL, is_ns ? argc : (argc + 1));
 /* After any call, the receiver is now a value, not a namespace alias */
 __ns_ctx = 0;

 free(mname);
 continue;
 } else {
 /* plain property get (allowed even for private name) */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 free(mname);
 continue;
 }
 }

 break;
 }
 free(name);
 return 1;
 }
 }

 return 0;
}

static int emit_unary(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '!') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_unary(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '!'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_NOT, 0);
 return 1;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '-') {
 (*pos)++;
 /* unary minus -> 0 - expr */
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 if (!emit_unary(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after unary '-'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SUB, 0);
 return 1;
 }
 return emit_primary(bc, src, len, pos);
}

static int emit_multiplicative(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 if (!emit_unary(bc, src, len, pos)) return 0;
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 /* Stop expression at start of inline comment */
 if (*pos + 1 < len && src[*pos] == '/' && src[*pos + 1] == '/') {
 break;
 }
 /* Skip block comments inside expressions */
 if (*pos + 1 < len && src[*pos] == '/' && src[*pos + 1] == '*') {
 size_t p = *pos + 2;
 while (p + 1 < len && !(src[p] == '*' && src[p + 1] == '/')) {
 p++;
 }
 if (p + 1 < len) p += 2; /* consume closing marker */
 *pos = p;
 continue;
 }

 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '*') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_unary(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '*'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_MUL, 0);
 continue;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '/') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_unary(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '/'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DIV, 0);
 continue;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '%') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_unary(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '%'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_MOD, 0);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
}

static int emit_additive(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 if (!emit_multiplicative(bc, src, len, pos)) return 0;
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '+') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_multiplicative(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '+'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 continue;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '-') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_multiplicative(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '-'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_SUB, 0);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
}

static int emit_relational(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 if (!emit_additive(bc, src, len, pos)) return 0;
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos + 1 < len && src[*pos] == '<' && src[*pos + 1] == '=') {
 *pos += 2;
 if (!emit_additive(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '<='");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LTE, 0);
 continue;
 }
 if (*pos + 1 < len && src[*pos] == '>' && src[*pos + 1] == '=') {
 *pos += 2;
 if (!emit_additive(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '>='");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_GTE, 0);
 continue;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '<') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_additive(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '<'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LT, 0);
 continue;
 }
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '>') {
 (*pos)++;
 if (!emit_additive(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '>'");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_GT, 0);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
}

static int emit_equality(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 if (!emit_relational(bc, src, len, pos)) return 0;
 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos + 1 < len && src[*pos] == '=' && src[*pos + 1] == '=') {
 *pos += 2;
 if (!emit_relational(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '=='");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 continue;
 }
 if (*pos + 1 < len && src[*pos] == '!' && src[*pos + 1] == '=') {
 *pos += 2;
 if (!emit_relational(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '!='");
 return 0;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_NEQ, 0);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 return 1;
}

static int emit_and_expr(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 int jf_idxs[64];
 int jf_count = 0;
 int has_and = 0;

 /* first operand */
 if (!emit_equality(bc, src, len, pos)) return 0;

 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!(*pos + 1 < len && src[*pos] == '&' && src[*pos + 1] == '&')) break;
 *pos += 2;
 has_and = 1;

 /* if current value is false -> jump to false label (patched later) */
 if (jf_count < (int)(sizeof(jf_idxs) / sizeof(jf_idxs[0]))) {
 jf_idxs[jf_count++] = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Too many operands in '&&' chain");
 return 0;
 }

 /* evaluate next operand */
 if (!emit_equality(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '&&'");
 return 0;
 }
 }

 if (has_and) {
 /* final: if last operand is false -> jump false */
 if (jf_count < (int)(sizeof(jf_idxs) / sizeof(jf_idxs[0]))) {
 jf_idxs[jf_count++] = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Too many operands in '&&' chain");
 return 0;
 }

 /* all were truthy -> result true */
 int c1 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_bool(1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 int j_end = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);

 /* false label: patch all false jumps here, result false */
 int l_false = bc->instr_count;
 for (int i = 0; i < jf_count; ++i) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jf_idxs[i], l_false);
 }
 int c0 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_bool(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c0);

 /* end */
 int l_end = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_end, l_end);
 }

 return 1;
}

static int emit_or_expr(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 int true_jumps[64];
 int tj_count = 0;
 int has_or = 0;

 /* first operand */
 if (!emit_and_expr(bc, src, len, pos)) return 0;

 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!(*pos + 1 < len && src[*pos] == '|' && src[*pos + 1] == '|')) break;
 *pos += 2;
 has_or = 1;

 /* if current value is false -> proceed to next; else -> result true */
 int jf_proceed = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 /* true path: push true and jump to end */
 int c1 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_bool(1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 if (tj_count < (int)(sizeof(true_jumps) / sizeof(true_jumps[0]))) {
 true_jumps[tj_count++] = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Too many operands in '||' chain");
 return 0;
 }

 /* patch to start of next operand */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jf_proceed, bc->instr_count);

 /* evaluate next operand */
 if (!emit_and_expr(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '||'");
 return 0;
 }
 }

 if (has_or) {
 /* After evaluating the last operand: test it and produce 1/0 */
 int jf_last = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 int c1 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 int j_end_single = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);

 int l_false = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jf_last, l_false);
 int c0 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c0);

 int l_end = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_end_single, l_end);
 for (int i = 0; i < tj_count; ++i) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, true_jumps[i], l_end);
 }
 }

 return 1;
}

static int emit_conditional(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 /* parse condition (logical OR precedence or higher) */
 if (!emit_or_expr(bc, src, len, pos)) return 0;

 for (;;) {
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!(*pos < len && src[*pos] == '?')) break;
 (*pos)++; /* consume '?' */

 /* If condition is false -> jump to false arm */
 int jmp_false = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 /* true arm (right-assoc: allow nested ternaries) */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!emit_conditional(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after '?'");
 return 0;
 }

 /* After true arm, unconditionally skip false arm */
 int jmp_end = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);

 /* false arm label */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_false, bc->instr_count);

 /* require ':' */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!(*pos < len && src[*pos] == ':')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ':' in conditional expression");
 return 0;
 }
 (*pos)++; /* consume ':' */

 /* false arm (right-assoc) */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!emit_conditional(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression after ':'");
 return 0;
 }

 /* end label */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_end, bc->instr_count);
 /* loop to allow chaining like a ? b : c ? d : e (right-assoc) */
 }
 return 1;
}

/* top-level expression */
static int emit_expression(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 return emit_conditional(bc, src, len, pos);
}

/*
 * Indentation-aware compiler (2 spaces):
 * - Optional shebang and a single fun <ident>() { ... } wrapper.
 * - Statements supported: print(expr), ident = expr, and if <expr> with an indented block.
 * - Literals: strings, integers, booleans; identifiers are globals.
 * - Ends with HALT.
 */

/* line/indent utilities */
static void skip_to_eol(const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 /* Strict mode: only allow trailing spaces and comments until end-of-line. */
 size_t p = *pos;

 for (;;) {
 /* skip spaces */
 while (p < len && src[p] == ' ')
 p++;

 if (p >= len) {
 *pos = p;
 return;
 }
 /* Treat CR, LF, and CRLF as end-of-line */
 if (src[p] == '\r') {
 p++;
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\n') p++;
 *pos = p;
 return;
 }
 if (src[p] == '\n') {
 *pos = p + 1;
 return;
 }

 /* line or block comments allowed */
 if (p + 1 < len && src[p] == '/' && src[p + 1] == '/') {
 /* consume rest of line up to CR or LF */
 p += 2;
 while (p < len && src[p] != '\n' && src[p] != '\r')
 p++;
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\r') {
 p++;
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\n') p++;
 } else if (p < len && src[p] == '\n') {
 p++;
 }
 *pos = p;
 return;
 }

 if (p + 1 < len && src[p] == '/' && src[p + 1] == '*') {
 /* consume block comment, then loop again for spaces till EOL */
 p += 2;
 while (p + 1 < len && !(src[p] == '*' && src[p + 1] == '/')) {
 p++;
 }
 if (p + 1 < len) {
 p += 2; /* consume closing */
 continue;
 } else {
 parser_fail(p, "Unterminated block comment at end of file");
 *pos = p;
 return;
 }
 }

 /* Any other character here is unexpected trailing garbage */
 parser_fail(p, "Unexpected trailing characters at end of line");
 *pos = p;
 return;
 }
}

static int read_line_start(const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos, int *out_indent) {
 while (*pos < len) {
 size_t p = *pos;
 int spaces = 0;
 while (p < len && src[p] == ' ') {
 spaces++;
 p++;
 }
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\t') {
 parser_fail(p, "Tabs are forbidden for indentation");
 return 0;
 }
 if (p >= len) {
 *pos = p;
 return 0;
 }

 /* empty line: handle CR, LF, and CRLF */
 if (src[p] == '\r') {
 p++;
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\n') p++;
 *pos = p;
 continue;
 }
 if (src[p] == '\n') {
 p++;
 *pos = p;
 continue;
 }

 /* // comment-only line */
 if (p + 1 < len && src[p] == '/' && src[p + 1] == '/') {
 /* skip entire line up to CR/LF */
 p += 2;
 while (p < len && src[p] != '\n' && src[p] != '\r')
 p++;
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\r') {
 p++;
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\n') p++;
 } else if (p < len && src[p] == '\n') {
 p++;
 }
 *pos = p;
 continue;
 }

 // block comment starting at line (treat as comment-only line)
 if (p + 1 < len && src[p] == '/' && src[p + 1] == '*') {
 p += 2;
 /* advance until we find closing block comment marker */
 while (p + 1 < len && !(src[p] == '*' && src[p + 1] == '/')) {
 p++;
 }
 if (p + 1 < len) p += 2; /* consume closing block comment marker */
 /* consume to end of current line (if any leftover) */
 while (p < len && src[p] != '\n' && src[p] != '\r')
 p++;
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\r') {
 p++;
 if (p < len && src[p] == '\n') p++;
 } else if (p < len && src[p] == '\n') {
 p++;
 }
 *pos = p;
 continue;
 }

 if (spaces % 2 != 0) {
 parser_fail(p, "Indentation must be multiples of two spaces");
 return 0;
 }
 *out_indent = spaces / 2;
 *pos = p; /* point to first code char */
 return 1;
 }
 return 0;
}

/* forward decl */
static void parse_block(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos, int current_indent);

/* parse and emit a single simple (non-if) statement on the current line */
static void parse_simple_statement(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos) {
 size_t local_pos = *pos;
 char *name = NULL;
 if (read_identifier_into(src, len, &local_pos, &name)) {

 /* alias: accept 'sint*' as synonyms for 'int*' */
 if (strcmp(name, "sint8") == 0) {
 free(name);
 name = strdup("int8");
 } else if (strcmp(name, "sint16") == 0) {
 free(name);
 name = strdup("int16");
 } else if (strcmp(name, "sint32") == 0) {
 free(name);
 name = strdup("int32");
 } else if (strcmp(name, "sint64") == 0) {
 free(name);
 name = strdup("int64");
 }

 /* return statement */
 if (strcmp(name, "return") == 0) {
 free(name);
 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);
 /* optional expression */
 size_t save_pos = local_pos;
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 /* expression result already on stack */
 } else {
 /* no expression: return nil */
 local_pos = save_pos;
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_nil());
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_RETURN, 0);
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 /* exit statement: exit [expr]? */
 if (strcmp(name, "exit") == 0) {
 free(name);
 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);
 size_t save_pos = local_pos;
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 /* expression result already on stack */
 } else {
 /* default exit code 0 */
 local_pos = save_pos;
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EXIT, 0);
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 /* break / continue */
 if (strcmp(name, "break") == 0) {
 free(name);
 if (!g_loop_ctx) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "break used outside of loop");
 return;
 }
 int j = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 if (g_loop_ctx->break_count < (int)(sizeof(g_loop_ctx->break_jumps) / sizeof(g_loop_ctx->break_jumps[0]))) {
 g_loop_ctx->break_jumps[g_loop_ctx->break_count++] = j;
 } else {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Too many 'break' in one loop");
 return;
 }
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }
 if (strcmp(name, "continue") == 0) {
 free(name);
 if (!g_loop_ctx) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "continue used outside of loop");
 return;
 }
 int j = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 if (g_loop_ctx->cont_count < (int)(sizeof(g_loop_ctx->continue_jumps) / sizeof(g_loop_ctx->continue_jumps[0]))) {
 g_loop_ctx->continue_jumps[g_loop_ctx->cont_count++] = j;
 } else {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Too many 'continue' in one loop");
 return;
 }
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 /* typed declarations:
 number|string|boolean|nil|Class|byte|uint8|uint16|uint32|uint64|int8|int16|int32|int64 <ident> (= expr)?
 Note: 'number' maps to signed 64-bit here. 'byte' is an alias of unsigned 8-bit. 'Class' restricts to class instances.
 */
 if (strcmp(name, "number") == 0 || strcmp(name, "string") == 0 || strcmp(name, "boolean") == 0 || strcmp(name, "nil") == 0 || strcmp(name, "class") == 0 || strcmp(name, "float") == 0 || strcmp(name, "array") == 0 || strcmp(name, "byte") == 0 || strcmp(name, "uint8") == 0 || strcmp(name, "uint16") == 0 || strcmp(name, "uint32") == 0 || strcmp(name, "uint64") == 0 || strcmp(name, "int8") == 0 || strcmp(name, "int16") == 0 || strcmp(name, "int32") == 0 || strcmp(name, "int64") == 0) {
 int is_number = (strcmp(name, "number") == 0);
 int is_string = (strcmp(name, "string") == 0);
 int is_boolean = (strcmp(name, "boolean") == 0);
 int is_nil = (strcmp(name, "nil") == 0);
 int is_class = (strcmp(name, "class") == 0);
 int is_float = (strcmp(name, "float") == 0);
 int is_array = (strcmp(name, "array") == 0);
 int is_byte = (strcmp(name, "byte") == 0);
 int is_u8 = (strcmp(name, "uint8") == 0) || is_byte;
 int is_u16 = (strcmp(name, "uint16") == 0);
 int is_u32 = (strcmp(name, "uint32") == 0);
 int is_u64 = (strcmp(name, "uint64") == 0);
 int is_s8 = (strcmp(name, "int8") == 0);
 int is_s16 = (strcmp(name, "int16") == 0);
 int is_s32 = (strcmp(name, "int32") == 0);
 int is_s64 = (strcmp(name, "int64") == 0) || is_number; /* number maps to int64 (signed) */
 int decl_bits = is_u8 ? 8 : is_u16 ? 16
 : is_u32 ? 32
 : is_u64 ? 64
 : is_s8 ? 8
 : is_s16 ? 16
 : is_s32 ? 32
 : is_s64 ? 64
 : 0;
 int decl_signed = (is_s8 || is_s16 || is_s32 || is_s64) ? 1 : 0;
 /* store decl bits with sign encoded: negative means signed (number is signed 64-bit) */
 if (decl_signed) decl_bits = -decl_bits;

 /* declared type metadata: integers use decl_bits; string/boolean/nil/Class/float/array use special markers */
 int decl_meta = decl_bits;
 if (is_string) {
 decl_meta = TYPE_META_STRING;
 } else if (is_boolean) {
 decl_meta = TYPE_META_BOOLEAN;
 } else if (is_nil) {
 decl_meta = TYPE_META_NIL;
 } else if (is_class) {
 decl_meta = TYPE_META_CLASS;
 } else if (is_float) {
 decl_meta = TYPE_META_FLOAT;
 } else if (is_array) {
 decl_meta = TYPE_META_ARRAY;
 }

 free(name);

 /* read variable name */
 char *varname = NULL;
 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, &local_pos, &varname)) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected identifier after type declaration");
 return;
 }

 /* decide local vs global */
 int lidx = -1;
 int gi = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 int existing = local_find(varname);
 if (existing >= 0)
 lidx = existing;
 else
 lidx = local_add(varname);
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 g_locals->types[lidx] = decl_meta; /* encoding: ±bits for integers; TYPE_META_* for non-integer enforced types; 0 = dynamic */
 }
 } else {
 gi = sym_index(varname);
 if (gi >= 0) {
 G.types[gi] = decl_meta;
 }
 }
 free(varname);

 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);
 if (local_pos < len && src[local_pos] == '=') {
 local_pos++; /* '=' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected initializer expression after '='");
 return;
 }

 /* Enforce declared type on initializer */
 if (decl_meta == TYPE_META_STRING) {
 /* expect String */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciExp = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("String"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciExp);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 /* error block */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected String"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (decl_meta == TYPE_META_CLASS) {
 /* expect Class instance: Map with "__class" key */
 /* Check typeof(v) == "Map" */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 {
 int ciMap = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Map"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMap);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_err1 = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* Check v has "__class" */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 {
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("__class"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HAS_KEY, 0);
 int j_err2 = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* Success path jumps over error block */
 int j_ok = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 /* Error block */
 int err_lbl = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_err1, err_lbl);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_err2, err_lbl);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Class"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 /* Continue after checks */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_ok, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (decl_meta == TYPE_META_FLOAT) {
 /* expect Float */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciF = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Float"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciF);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Float"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (decl_meta == TYPE_META_ARRAY) {
 /* expect Array */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciArr = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Array"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciArr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Array"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (decl_meta == TYPE_META_BOOLEAN) {
 /* accept Boolean literal or Number; if Number, clamp to 0/1 */
 /* check if value is Boolean */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciBool = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Boolean"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciBool);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_not_bool = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* it is Boolean -> OK, skip number check */
 int j_done = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 /* not Boolean: check Number */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_not_bool, bc->instr_count);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciNum = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Number"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciNum);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Boolean or Number for boolean"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 /* if Number, clamp to 0/1 */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_UCLAMP, 1);
 /* common continuation */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_done, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (decl_meta == TYPE_META_NIL) {
 /* expect Nil */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciNil = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Nil"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciNil);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Nil"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 } else {
 /* integer widths: expect Number then range-check */
 int abs_bits = decl_bits < 0 ? -decl_bits : decl_bits;
 if (abs_bits > 0) {
 /* typeof == Number */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciNum = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Number"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciNum);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Number"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);

 if (abs_bits > 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, (decl_bits < 0) ? OP_SCLAMP : OP_UCLAMP, abs_bits);
 }
 }
 }

 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 } else {
 /* default initialize if no '=' given */
 int ci = -1;
 if (is_string) {
 ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(""));
 } else if (is_nil) {
 ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_nil());
 } else if (is_class) {
 /* Class-typed variable defaults to Nil until assigned an instance */
 ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_nil());
 } else if (is_boolean) {
 /* booleans default to false */
 ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_bool(0));
 } else if (is_number || (decl_bits != 0)) {
 /* integers default to 0 */
 ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 }
 if (ci >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 int abs_bits2 = decl_bits < 0 ? -decl_bits : decl_bits;
 if (abs_bits2 > 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, (decl_bits < 0) ? OP_SCLAMP : OP_UCLAMP, abs_bits2);
 }
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 }
 }
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 if (strcmp(name, "print") == 0) {
 free(name);
 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);
 (void)consume_char(src, len, &local_pos, '(');
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 (void)consume_char(src, len, &local_pos, ')');
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 } else {
 (void)consume_char(src, len, &local_pos, ')');
 }
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 if (strcmp(name, "echo") == 0) {
 free(name);
 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);
 (void)consume_char(src, len, &local_pos, '(');
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 (void)consume_char(src, len, &local_pos, ')');
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ECHO, 0);
 } else {
 (void)consume_char(src, len, &local_pos, ')');
 }
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 /* assignment or simple call */
 int lidx = local_find(name);
 int gi = (lidx < 0) ? sym_find(name) : -1;
 if (lidx < 0 && gi < 0 && g_locals) {
 /* Auto-declare as local if we're in a function and it's not known as local or global */
 lidx = local_add(name);
 }
 if (lidx < 0 && gi < 0) {
 /* Not local, not existing global -> it's a new global (or a new local if we were in a function but lidx still < 0?)
 Actually if g_locals was non-null we already added it to lidx.
 If g_locals is NULL, we create it as global. */
 gi = sym_index(name);
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);

 /* object field assignment: supports
 - name.field = expr
 - name.field[expr] = expr
 - name.field[expr1][expr2] = expr
 If pattern doesn't match an assignment, fall back to expression stmt (e.g., method call).
 */
 if (local_pos < len && src[local_pos] == '.') {
 size_t stmt_start = *pos; /* for expression fallback */
 size_t look = local_pos + 1; /* point after '.' */
 skip_spaces(src, len, &look);
 char *fname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, &look, &fname)) {
 parser_fail(look, "Expected field name after '.'");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, &look);
 if (look < len && src[look] == '[') {
 /* Handle name.field[...][...] = value */
 /* Load base container and resolve field: base[field] -> inner container on stack */
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 int fci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(fname));
 free(fname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, fci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);

 /* Now parse one or more [expr] */
 for (;;) {
 if (!(look < len && src[look] == '[')) break;
 look++; /* consume '[' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, &look)) {
 parser_fail(look, "Expected index expression after '['");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, &look, ']')) {
 parser_fail(look, "Expected ']' after index");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, &look);
 if (look < len && src[look] == '[') {
 /* Need to dereference one level: inner = inner[index] */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 /* Expect '=' to assign into the last container with last index on stack */
 if (look >= len || src[look] != '=') {
 /* Not an assignment: fallback to expression statement */
 free(name);
 size_t expr_pos = stmt_start;
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, &expr_pos)) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POP, 0);
 }
 *pos = expr_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }
 look++; /* skip '=' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, &look)) {
 parser_fail(look, "Expected expression after '='");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);
 free(name);
 *pos = look;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 } else if (look < len && src[look] == '=') {
 /* Simple name.field = value
 * Previous implementation pushed (container, key) first and then evaluated value.
 * That relies on CALL preserving underlying stack entries. To be robust,
 * we first evaluate the value into a temporary local, then push (container, key),
 * then load the temporary and perform INDEX_SET.
 */

 /* Advance to after '=' and parse value into a temporary local */
 local_pos = look + 1;
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected expression after '='");
 free(fname);
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 /* store value to a hidden temp local */
 int tmp_local = local_add("__assign_tmp");
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, tmp_local);

 /* Load container variable */
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 /* Push key */
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string(fname));
 free(fname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);

 /* Load value from temp and set */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, tmp_local);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);

 free(name);
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 } else {
 /* Not an assignment: treat as expression statement (e.g., obj.method(...)) */
 free(fname);
 free(name);
 size_t expr_pos = stmt_start;
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, &expr_pos)) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POP, 0);
 }
 *pos = expr_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }
 }

 /* array element assignment: name[expr] = expr and nested: name[expr1][expr2] = expr */
 if (local_pos < len && src[local_pos] == '[') {
 /* load array/map variable */
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 local_pos++; /* '[' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected index expression after '['");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, &local_pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected ']' after index");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);

 /* Nested index: name[expr1][expr2] = value */
 if (local_pos < len && src[local_pos] == '[') {
 /* Reduce base: stack currently has container, index1 -> get inner container */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);

 local_pos++; /* second '[' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected nested index expression after '['");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, &local_pos, ']')) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected ']' after nested index");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, &local_pos);
 if (local_pos >= len || src[local_pos] != '=') {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected '=' after nested array index");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 local_pos++; /* '=' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected expression after '='");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 /* perform set into inner container */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);
 free(name);
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 /* Single-level: name[expr] = value */
 if (local_pos >= len || src[local_pos] != '=') {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected '=' after array index");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 local_pos++; /* '=' */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected expression after '='");
 free(name);
 return;
 }
 /* perform set */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);
 free(name);
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 free(name);
 if (local_pos < len && src[local_pos] == '=') {
 local_pos++; /* '=' */
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 /* enforce declared type if present (0 = dynamic) */
 int meta = 0;
 if (lidx >= 0 && g_locals) {
 meta = g_locals->types[lidx];
 } else if (gi >= 0) {
 meta = G.types[gi];
 }

 if (meta == TYPE_META_STRING) {
 /* expect String */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciStr = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("String"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciStr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected String"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (meta == TYPE_META_CLASS) {
 /* expect Class instance: Map with "__class" key */
 /* Check typeof(v) == "Map" */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 {
 int ciMap = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Map"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMap);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_err1 = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* Check v has "__class" */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 {
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("__class"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HAS_KEY, 0);
 int j_err2 = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* Success path jumps over error block */
 int j_ok = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 /* Error block */
 int err_lbl = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_err1, err_lbl);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_err2, err_lbl);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Class"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 /* Continue after checks */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_ok, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (meta == TYPE_META_FLOAT) {
 /* expect Float */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciF = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Float"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciF);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Float"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (meta == TYPE_META_ARRAY) {
 /* expect Array */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciArr = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Array"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciArr);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Array"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (meta == TYPE_META_BOOLEAN) {
 /* expect Number then clamp to 1 bit (unsigned) */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciNum = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Number"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciNum);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Number for boolean"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_UCLAMP, 1);
 } else if (meta == TYPE_META_NIL) {
 /* expect Nil */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciNil = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Nil"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciNil);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Nil"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);
 } else if (meta != 0) {
 /* integer widths: expect Number then range-check to declared width */
 int abs_bits = meta < 0 ? -meta : meta;
 /* typeof == Number */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ciNum = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("Number"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciNum);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_to_error, bc->instr_count);
 {
 int ciMsg = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_string("TypeError: expected Number"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ciMsg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, j_skip_err, bc->instr_count);

 if (abs_bits > 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, (meta < 0) ? OP_SCLAMP : OP_UCLAMP, abs_bits);
 }
 }
 /* dynamic (meta==0): no enforcement */

 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 }
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 } else {
 /* Treat as a generic expression-statement (e.g., method calls like obj.method(...),
 property access chains, or builtin calls behind wrappers). We rewind to the
 start of the statement, emit the full expression, and drop its result. */
 local_pos = *pos;
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, &local_pos)) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POP, 0); /* discard return value of standalone expr */
 *pos = local_pos;
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }
 /* if it wasn't a valid expression either, report a meaningful error */
 parser_fail(local_pos, "Expected assignment '=' or call '(...)' after identifier");
 return;
 }
 }

 /* fallback: print(expr) without identifier read (unlikely) */
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "print")) {
 *pos += 5;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 (void)consume_char(src, len, pos, '(');
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 (void)consume_char(src, len, pos, ')');
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 } else {
 (void)consume_char(src, len, pos, ')');
 }
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 /* echo(expr): like print but does not add a newline (immediate output) */
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "echo")) {
 *pos += 4;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 (void)consume_char(src, len, pos, '(');
 if (emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 (void)consume_char(src, len, pos, ')');
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ECHO, 0);
 } else {
 (void)consume_char(src, len, pos, ')');
 }
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 return;
 }

 /* unknown token: report error */
 parser_fail(*pos, "Unknown token at start of statement");
}

/* parse a block with lines at indentation >= current_indent; stop at dedent */
static void parse_block(Bytecode *bc, const char *src, size_t len, size_t *pos, int current_indent) {
 while (*pos < len) {
 if (g_has_error) return;
 size_t line_start = *pos; /* remember raw line start for dedent backtracking */
 int indent = 0;
 if (!read_line_start(src, len, pos, &indent)) {
 /* EOF or error */
 return;
 }
 if (indent < current_indent) {
 /* dedent -> let caller handle this line */
 *pos = line_start;
 return;
 }
 if (indent > current_indent) {
 /* nested block without a header (tolerate by parsing it and continuing) */
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, indent);
 continue;
 }

 /* at same indent -> parse statement */
 /* Insert a line marker for better runtime error reporting. Use the current
 * position (start of the actual statement) returned by read_line_start(),
 * not the pre-scan position which may point to a comment/blank line. */
 {
 int stmt_line = 1, stmt_col = 1;
 calc_line_col(src, len, *pos, &stmt_line, &stmt_col);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LINE, stmt_line);
 }

 /* class definition -> factory function */
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "class") && (*pos + 5 < len) && (src[*pos + 5] == ' ' || src[*pos + 5] == '\t')) {
 *pos += 5;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 /* class name */
 char *cname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &cname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected class name after 'class'");
 return;
 }
 int cgi = sym_index(cname);

 /* optional extends Parent */
 char *parent_name = NULL;

 /* Optional typed parameter list: class Name(type ident, ...) */
 char *param_names[64];
 int param_kind[64];
 int pcount = 0;
 memset(param_names, 0, sizeof(param_names));
 memset(param_kind, 0, sizeof(param_kind));

/* kind: 1=Number (numeric types incl. boolean), 2=String, 3=Nil */
/* helper macro instead of nested function (C99 compliant) */
#define MAP_TYPE_KIND(t) ( \
 ((t) && strcmp((t), "string") == 0) ? 2 : ((t) && strcmp((t), "nil") == 0) ? 3 \
 : ((t) && (strcmp((t), "boolean") == 0 || strcmp((t), "number") == 0 || strcmp((t), "byte") == 0 || strncmp((t), "uint", 4) == 0 || strncmp((t), "sint", 4) == 0 || strncmp((t), "int", 3) == 0)) ? 1 \
 : 0)

 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '(') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 for (;;) {
 /* read type token */
 char *tname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &tname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected type in class parameter list");
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 /* read param name */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 char *pname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &pname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected parameter name after type");
 free(tname);
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 if (pcount >= (int)(sizeof(param_names) / sizeof(param_names[0]))) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Too many class parameters");
 free(tname);
 free(pname);
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 param_names[pcount] = pname;
 param_kind[pcount] = MAP_TYPE_KIND(tname);
 free(tname);
 pcount++;

 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after class parameter list");
 for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i)
 free(param_names[i]);
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 }

 /* optional 'extends Parent' after parameter list */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "extends")) {
 *pos += 7; /* consume 'extends' */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &parent_name)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected parent class name after 'extends'");
 for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i)
 free(param_names[i]);
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 }

 /* end of class header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* Build factory function: Name(...) -> instance map with fields and methods */
 Bytecode *ctor_bc = bytecode_new();
 /* set debug metadata for class factory */
 if (ctor_bc) {
 if (ctor_bc->name) free((void *)ctor_bc->name);
 ctor_bc->name = strdup(cname);
 if (ctor_bc->source_file) free((void *)ctor_bc->source_file);
 if (g_current_source_path) ctor_bc->source_file = strdup(g_current_source_path);
 }
 /* local env for the factory to allow temp locals */
 LocalEnv ctor_env;
 memset(&ctor_env, 0, sizeof(ctor_env));
 LocalEnv *prev_env = g_locals;
 g_locals = &ctor_env;

 /* track if _construct is defined in this class */
 int ctor_present = 0;

 /* Register parameter locals first so args land at 0..pcount-1 */
 for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i) {
 local_add(param_names[i]);
 }

 /* Guard local to detect extra argument at index == pcount */
 int l_extra = local_add("__extra");

 /* Runtime checks: missing args and type checks */
 for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i) {
 /* missing arg: local i must not be Nil */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, i);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ci_nil = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string("Nil"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci_nil);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 int j_ok_present = bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* then -> error */
 {
 char msg[128];
 snprintf(msg, sizeof(msg), "TypeError: missing argument '%s' in %s()", param_names[i], cname);
 int ci_msg = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string(msg));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci_msg);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 /* patch continue if present */
 bytecode_set_operand(ctor_bc, j_ok_present, ctor_bc->instr_count);

 /* type check for known kinds */
 int kind = param_kind[i];
 if (kind == 1 || kind == 2 || kind == 3) {
 /* typeof(local i) == Expected ? skip error : go to error */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, i);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 const char *exp = (kind == 1) ? "Number" : (kind == 2) ? "String"
 : "Nil";
 int ci_exp = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string(exp));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci_exp);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 /* if false -> jump to error */
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* on success, skip error block */
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 /* error block */
 {
 int err_label = ctor_bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(ctor_bc, j_to_error, err_label);
 char msg2[160];
 snprintf(msg2, sizeof(msg2), "TypeError: %s() expects %s for '%s'", cname, exp, param_names[i]);
 int ci_msg2 = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string(msg2));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci_msg2);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 /* continue label after error block */
 bytecode_set_operand(ctor_bc, j_skip_err, ctor_bc->instr_count);
 }
 }

 /* Extra args check: guard local must be Nil; if not Nil -> error */
 {
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_extra);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_TYPEOF, 0);
 int ci_nil2 = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string("Nil"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci_nil2);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_EQ, 0);
 /* if false (not Nil) -> jump to error */
 int j_to_error = bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* if true (Nil) -> skip error */
 int j_skip_err = bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 {
 int err_label = ctor_bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(ctor_bc, j_to_error, err_label);
 char msg3[128];
 snprintf(msg3, sizeof(msg3), "TypeError: %s() received too many arguments", cname);
 int ci_msg3 = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string(msg3));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci_msg3);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_PRINT, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 }
 bytecode_set_operand(ctor_bc, j_skip_err, ctor_bc->instr_count);
 }

 /* instance map: __this = {} (placed after param guard) */
 int l_this = local_add("__this");
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_MAKE_MAP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, l_this);

 /* tag instance with its class name: this["__class"] = "<ClassName>" */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_this);
 {
 int kci_cls = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string("__class"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci_cls);
 int vci_cls = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string(cname));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, vci_cls);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);

 /* Inheritance: if extends Parent, create Parent(header args...) and merge its keys into this */
 if (parent_name) {
 /* parent_inst = Parent(args...) */
 int parent_gi = sym_index(parent_name);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, parent_gi);
 for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, i);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_CALL, pcount);
 int l_parent = local_add("__parent_inst");
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, l_parent);

 /* keys = keys(parent_inst) */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_parent);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_KEYS, 0);
 int l_keys = local_add("__parent_keys");
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, l_keys);

 /* i = 0 */
 int c0_inh = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c0_inh);
 int l_i = local_add("__inh_i");
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, l_i);

 /* loop: while (i < len(keys)) */
 int loop_start = ctor_bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_i);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_keys);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LEN, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LT, 0);
 int jmp_false = bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 /* key = keys[i] */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_keys);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_i);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 int l_k = local_add("__inh_k");
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, l_k);

 /* if this has key -> skip set */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_this);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_k);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_HAS_KEY, 0);
 int j_skip_set = bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);
 /* has key -> nothing to do, jump over set sequence */
 int j_after_maybe_set = bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP, 0);

 /* not has key: set this[key] = parent_inst[key] */
 bytecode_set_operand(ctor_bc, j_skip_set, ctor_bc->instr_count);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_this);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_k);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_parent);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_k);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);

 /* continue after maybe-set */
 bytecode_set_operand(ctor_bc, j_after_maybe_set, ctor_bc->instr_count);

 /* i++ */
 int c1_inh = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_int(1));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_i);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1_inh);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, l_i);

 /* back to loop */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_JUMP, loop_start);
 /* end loop */
 bytecode_set_operand(ctor_bc, jmp_false, ctor_bc->instr_count);
 }

 /* Parse class body at increased indent */
 int body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_body = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_body, &body_indent) && body_indent > current_indent) {
 /* iterate over class members at body_indent */
 for (;;) {
 size_t member_line_start = *pos;
 int member_indent = 0;
 if (!read_line_start(src, len, pos, &member_indent)) {
 /* EOF */
 break;
 }
 if (member_indent < body_indent) {
 /* end of class body */
 *pos = member_line_start;
 break;
 }
 if (member_indent > body_indent) {
 /* skip nested blocks that are part of previous method parsing */
 parse_block(ctor_bc, src, len, pos, member_indent);
 continue;
 }

 /* at body_indent: member declaration (field = expr) or method 'fun name(...)' */
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "fun")) {
 /* method definition: fun m(this, ...) ... */
 *pos += 3;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 char *mname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &mname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected method name after 'fun' in class");
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 int is_ctor_method = (strcmp(mname, "_construct") == 0);

 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, '(')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected '(' after method name");
 free(mname);
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }

 /* Build method function bytecode */
 Bytecode *m_bc = bytecode_new();
 if (m_bc) {
 if (m_bc->name) free((void *)m_bc->name);
 /* method qualified name: Class.method */
 size_t qlen = strlen(cname) + 1 + strlen(mname) + 1;
 char *q = (char *)malloc(qlen);
 if (q) {
 snprintf(q, qlen, "%s.%s", cname, mname);
 m_bc->name = q;
 }
 if (m_bc->source_file) free((void *)m_bc->source_file);
 if (g_current_source_path) m_bc->source_file = strdup(g_current_source_path);
 }
 LocalEnv m_env;
 memset(&m_env, 0, sizeof(m_env));
 LocalEnv *saved = g_locals;
 g_locals = &m_env;

 /* Parse params, ensure first is 'this' (insert if missing) */
 int saw_param = 0;
 int param_count = 0;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 for (;;) {
 char *pname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &pname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected parameter name");
 free(mname);
 g_locals = saved;
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 if (param_count == 0 && strcmp(pname, "this") != 0) {
 /* Require explicit 'this' as first parameter */
 if (is_ctor_method) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Constructor '_construct' must declare 'this' as its first parameter");
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "First parameter of a method must be 'this'");
 }
 free(pname);
 free(mname);
 g_locals = saved;
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 local_add(pname);
 free(pname);
 param_count++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 } else {
 /* no params: enforce (this) */
 if (is_ctor_method) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Constructor '_construct' must declare 'this' as its first parameter");
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Method must declare at least 'this' parameter");
 }
 free(mname);
 g_locals = saved;
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }

 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after method parameter list");
 free(mname);
 g_locals = saved;
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 /* end header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* parse method body at increased indent */
 int m_body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_m = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_m, &m_body_indent) && m_body_indent > body_indent) {
 parse_block(m_bc, src, len, pos, m_body_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty method body allowed -> return */
 }
 /* ensure return */
 bytecode_add_instruction(m_bc, OP_RETURN, 0);

 /* restore env to factory */
 g_locals = saved;

 /* Insert method function into instance: this["mname"] = <function> */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_this);
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string(mname));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 int mci = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_function(m_bc));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, mci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);

 /* mark constructor presence if name matches */
 if (strcmp(mname, "_construct") == 0) {
 ctor_present = 1;
 }

 free(mname);
 continue;
 }

 /* field initializer: ident = expr */
 size_t lp = *pos;
 char *fname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, &lp, &fname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected field or 'fun' in class body");
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 size_t tmp = lp;
 skip_spaces(src, len, &tmp);
 if (tmp >= len || src[tmp] != '=') {
 free(fname);
 parser_fail(tmp, "Expected '=' in field initializer");
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 /* commit position and consume '=' */
 *pos = tmp + 1;
 /* emit: this["fname"] = (expr) */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_this);
 int fkey = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string(fname));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, fkey);
 free(fname);
 if (!emit_expression(ctor_bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected expression in field initializer");
 g_locals = prev_env;
 free(cname);
 return;
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);
 /* end of line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 }
 } else {
 /* empty class body allowed */
 }

 /* Override defaults with constructor parameters: this["name"] = local i */
 for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_this);
 int kci = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string(param_names[i]));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, i);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_INDEX_SET, 0);
 }

 /* If a constructor exists, invoke: this._construct(this, params...) and drop its return */
 if (ctor_present) {
 /* fetch method: duplicate 'this' so we keep it for the call */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_this);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_DUP, 0); /* -> this, this */
 {
 int kci_ctor = bytecode_add_constant(ctor_bc, make_string("_construct"));
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, kci_ctor);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0); /* -> this, func */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_SWAP, 0); /* -> func, this */

 /* push all header parameters as additional args in order */
 for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, i);
 }
 /* call with implicit 'this' (+1) plus pcount params */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_CALL, pcount + 1);
 /* discard any return value from constructor */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_POP, 0);
 }

 /* return instance */
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, l_this);
 bytecode_add_instruction(ctor_bc, OP_RETURN, 0);

 /* restore outer locals env */
 g_locals = prev_env;

 /* bind factory function globally under class name */
 int cci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_function(ctor_bc));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, cci);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, cgi);
 /* mark this global as a class for typeof(identifier) */
 G.is_class[cgi] = 1;

 for (int i = 0; i < pcount; ++i)
 free(param_names[i]);
 if (parent_name) free(parent_name);
 free(cname);
 continue;
 }

 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "fun") && (*pos + 3 < len) && (src[*pos + 3] == ' ' || src[*pos + 3] == '\t')) {
 /* parse header: fun name(arg, ...) */
 *pos += 3;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 char *fname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &fname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected function name after 'fun'");
 return;
 }
 int fgi = sym_index(fname);
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, '(')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected '(' after function name");
 free(fname);
 return;
 }

 /* build locals from parameters */
 LocalEnv env = {{0}, {0}, 0};
 LocalEnv *prev = g_locals;
 int saved_depth = g_func_env_depth;
 if (prev != NULL) {
 if (g_func_env_depth >= (int)(sizeof(g_func_env_stack) / sizeof(g_func_env_stack[0]))) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Too many nested functions (env stack overflow)");
 free(fname);
 return;
 }
 g_func_env_stack[g_func_env_depth++] = prev;
 }
 g_locals = &env;

 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] != ')') {
 for (;;) {
 char *pname = NULL;
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &pname)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected parameter name");
 g_locals = prev;
 free(fname);
 return;
 }
 if (local_find(pname) >= 0) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Duplicate parameter name '%s'", pname);
 free(pname);
 g_locals = prev;
 free(fname);
 return;
 }
 local_add(pname);
 free(pname);
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == ',') {
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 continue;
 }
 break;
 }
 }
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after parameter list");
 g_locals = prev;
 free(fname);
 return;
 }
 /* end header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* compile body into separate Bytecode */
 Bytecode *fn_bc = bytecode_new();
 if (fn_bc) {
 if (fn_bc->name) free((void *)fn_bc->name);
 fn_bc->name = strdup(fname);
 if (fn_bc->source_file) free((void *)fn_bc->source_file);
 if (g_current_source_path) fn_bc->source_file = strdup(g_current_source_path);
 }

 /* parse body at increased indent if present */
 int body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_body = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_body, &body_indent) && body_indent > current_indent) {
 /* do not advance pos here; let parse_block consume the line */
 parse_block(fn_bc, src, len, pos, body_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty body: ok */
 }
 /* ensure function returns */
 bytecode_add_instruction(fn_bc, OP_RETURN, 0);

#ifdef FUN_DEBUG
 /* DEBUG: dump compiled function bytecode (guarded by runtime env) */
 if (fun_debug_enabled()) {
 printf("=== compiled function %s (%d params) ===\n", fname, env.count);
 bytecode_dump(fn_bc);
 printf("=== end function %s ===\n", fname);
 }
#endif

 /* If we are inside another function (prev != NULL), bind this function as a local
 * so that it is only visible within the current function scope. Otherwise, bind
 * it as a global (top-level behavior unchanged). */
 int fci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_function(fn_bc));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, fci);
 if (prev != NULL) {
 /* Bind into the OUTER function's local env (prev), not the inner temp env. */
 LocalEnv *save_env = g_locals;
 g_locals = prev;
 /* declare a local with the function name if not present */
 int lidx = local_find(fname);
 if (lidx < 0) {
 lidx = local_add(fname);
 }
 if (lidx < 0) {
 /* failed to allocate local slot */
 g_locals = save_env; /* restore before returning */
 g_locals = prev;
 free(fname);
 return;
 }
 /* We want sibling inner functions to be able to call this nested function
 * without closures. Strategy: also expose it as a global symbol so that
 * inner functions (compiled into separate frames) can resolve the name
 * via global lookup. Keep the local binding for the outer function body. */
 /* Duplicate the function value so we can store to both local and global. */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_DUP, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lidx);
 /* Bind a global under the same name for call resolution inside deeper nested functions. */
 int gsym = sym_index(fname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gsym);
 /* restore current env (will be reset to prev below) */
 g_locals = save_env;
 } else {
 /* top-level: global binding (backward compatible) */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, fgi);
 }

 g_locals = prev;
 g_func_env_depth = saved_depth;
 free(fname);
 continue;
 }

 /* for-sugar:
 * - for <ident> in range(a, b)
 * - for <ident> in <array-expr>
 * - for (<keyIdent>, <valIdent>) in <map-expr>
 */
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "for")) {
 *pos += 3;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 /* Optional tuple '(k, v)' for map iteration */
 int tuple_mode = 0; /* 0 = single var, 1 = (k,v) */
 char *ivar = NULL; /* single variable name OR key variable when tuple */
 char *vvar = NULL; /* value variable when tuple */

 if (*pos < len && src[*pos] == '(') {
 /* Parse '(k, v)' */
 (*pos)++;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &ivar)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected identifier after '(' in for tuple");
 return;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ',')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ',' between key and value in for tuple");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &vvar)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected value identifier after ',' in for tuple");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' to close for tuple");
 free(ivar);
 free(vvar);
 return;
 }
 tuple_mode = 1;
 } else {
 /* loop variable name */
 if (!read_identifier_into(src, len, pos, &ivar)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected loop variable after 'for'");
 return;
 }
 }

 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!starts_with(src, len, *pos, "in")) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected 'in' after loop variable");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }
 *pos += 2;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "range")) {
 /* ===== range(a, b) variant ===== */
 *pos += 5;
 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, '(')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected '(' after range");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }

 /* Parse start expression */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected start expression in range");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }

 /* Determine loop variable storage and store start value */
 int lidx = local_find(ivar);
 int gi = -1;
 if (lidx < 0) {
 if (g_locals)
 lidx = local_add(ivar);
 else
 gi = sym_index(ivar);
 }
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }

 /* comma */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (*pos >= len || src[*pos] != ',') {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ',' between range start and end");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }
 (*pos)++; /* consume ',' */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 /* Parse end expression and store in a temp (local or global) */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected end expression in range");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }

 char tmpname[64];
 snprintf(tmpname, sizeof(tmpname), "__for_end_%d", g_temp_counter++);

 int lend = -1, gend = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lend = local_add(tmpname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lend);
 } else {
 gend = sym_index(tmpname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gend);
 }

 if (!consume_char(src, len, pos, ')')) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected ')' after range arguments");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }

 /* end of header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* emit loop */
 int loop_start = bc->instr_count;

 /* condition: ivar < end_tmp */
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 if (lend >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lend);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gend);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LT, 0);
 int jmp_false = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 /* enter loop context for break/continue */
 LoopCtx ctx = {{0}, 0, {0}, 0, g_loop_ctx};
 g_loop_ctx = &ctx;

 /* parse body at increased indent (peek) */
 int body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_body = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_body, &body_indent) && body_indent > current_indent) {
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, body_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty body ok */
 }

 /* continue target: start of increment */
 int cont_label = bc->instr_count;

 /* i = i + 1 */
 int c1 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(1));
 if (lidx >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lidx);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lidx);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }

 /* back edge and patch */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, loop_start);

 /* end label (after loop) */
 int end_label = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_false, end_label);

 /* patch continue/break jumps */
 for (int bi = 0; bi < ctx.cont_count; ++bi) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, ctx.continue_jumps[bi], cont_label);
 }
 for (int bi = 0; bi < ctx.break_count; ++bi) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, ctx.break_jumps[bi], end_label);
 }
 g_loop_ctx = ctx.prev;

 free(ivar);
 continue;
 } else if (!tuple_mode) {
 /* ===== array iteration: for ivar in <expr> ===== */
 /* Evaluate the iterable once and store in a temp */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected iterable expression after 'in'");
 free(ivar);
 return;
 }
 char arrname[64];
 snprintf(arrname, sizeof(arrname), "__for_arr_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int larr = -1, garr = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 larr = local_add(arrname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 garr = sym_index(arrname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, garr);
 }

 /* Compute length once: len(arr) -> store temp */
 if (larr >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LEN, 0);
 char lenname[64];
 snprintf(lenname, sizeof(lenname), "__for_len_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int llen = -1, glen = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 llen = local_add(lenname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, llen);
 } else {
 glen = sym_index(lenname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, glen);
 }

 /* Index temp: i = 0 */
 int c0 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c0);
 char iname[64];
 snprintf(iname, sizeof(iname), "__for_i_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int li = -1, gi = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 li = local_add(iname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 gi = sym_index(iname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }

 /* end of header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* loop start label */
 int loop_start = bc->instr_count;

 /* condition: i < len */
 if (li >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 if (llen >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, llen);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, glen);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LT, 0);
 int jmp_false = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 /* element: ivar = arr[i] */
 if (larr >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, larr);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, garr);
 }
 if (li >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);

 /* assign to ivar (local preferred) */
 int ldst = local_find(ivar);
 int gdst = -1;
 if (ldst < 0) {
 if (g_locals)
 ldst = local_add(ivar);
 else
 gdst = sym_index(ivar);
 }
 if (ldst >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, ldst);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gdst);
 }

 /* enter loop context for break/continue */
 LoopCtx ctx = {{0}, 0, {0}, 0, g_loop_ctx};
 g_loop_ctx = &ctx;

 /* parse body at increased indent */
 int body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_body = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_body, &body_indent) && body_indent > current_indent) {
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, body_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty body ok */
 }

 /* continue target: start of increment */
 int cont_label = bc->instr_count;

 /* i = i + 1 */
 int c1 = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(1));
 if (li >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }

 /* back edge and patch */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, loop_start);

 /* end label (after loop) */
 int end_label = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_false, end_label);

 /* patch continue/break jumps */
 for (int bi = 0; bi < ctx.cont_count; ++bi) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, ctx.continue_jumps[bi], cont_label);
 }
 for (int bi = 0; bi < ctx.break_count; ++bi) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, ctx.break_jumps[bi], end_label);
 }
 g_loop_ctx = ctx.prev;

 free(ivar);
 continue;
 } else {
 /* ===== map iteration with tuple: for (k, v) in <expr> ===== */
 /* Evaluate the map expr once: store in temp */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Expected map expression after 'in'");
 free(ivar);
 free(vvar);
 return;
 }
 char mapname[64];
 snprintf(mapname, sizeof(mapname), "__for_map_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lmap = -1, gmap = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lmap = local_add(mapname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lmap);
 } else {
 gmap = sym_index(mapname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gmap);
 }

 /* keys = keys(map) */
 if (lmap >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lmap);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gmap);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_KEYS, 0);
 char keysname[64];
 snprintf(keysname, sizeof(keysname), "__for_keys_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int lkeys = -1, gkeys = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 lkeys = local_add(keysname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lkeys);
 } else {
 gkeys = sym_index(keysname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gkeys);
 }

 /* len(keys) */
 if (lkeys >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lkeys);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gkeys);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LEN, 0);
 char lenname[64];
 snprintf(lenname, sizeof(lenname), "__for_klen_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int llen = -1, glen = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 llen = local_add(lenname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, llen);
 } else {
 glen = sym_index(lenname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, glen);
 }

 /* i = 0 */
 int c0m = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c0m);
 char iname[64];
 snprintf(iname, sizeof(iname), "__for_ki_%d", g_temp_counter++);
 int li = -1, gi = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 li = local_add(iname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 gi = sym_index(iname);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }

 /* end of header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* loop start */
 int loop_start = bc->instr_count;
 /* condition: i < len */
 if (li >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 if (llen >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, llen);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, glen);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LT, 0);
 int jmp_false = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 /* key = keys[i] */
 if (lkeys >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lkeys);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gkeys);
 }
 if (li >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);

 /* assign to key variable (ivar) */
 int lk = local_find(ivar);
 int gk = -1;
 if (lk < 0) {
 if (g_locals)
 lk = local_add(ivar);
 else
 gk = sym_index(ivar);
 }
 if (lk >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lk);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gk);
 }

 /* value = map[key] */
 if (lmap >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lmap);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gmap);
 }
 /* load key again */
 if (lk >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, lk);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gk);
 }
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_INDEX_GET, 0);

 /* assign to value variable (vvar) */
 int lv = local_find(vvar);
 int gv = -1;
 if (lv < 0) {
 if (g_locals)
 lv = local_add(vvar);
 else
 gv = sym_index(vvar);
 }
 if (lv >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lv);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gv);
 }

 /* enter loop context */
 LoopCtx ctx = {{0}, 0, {0}, 0, g_loop_ctx};
 g_loop_ctx = &ctx;

 /* body */
 int body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_body = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_body, &body_indent) && body_indent > current_indent) {
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, body_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty body ok */
 }

 /* continue target: i = i + 1 */
 int cont_label = bc->instr_count;
 int c1m = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(1));
 if (li >= 0) {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_LOCAL, li);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1m);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, li);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, gi);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, c1m);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_ADD, 0);
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 }

 /* back edge */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, loop_start);

 /* end label */
 int end_label = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_false, end_label);

 /* patch continue/break */
 for (int bi = 0; bi < ctx.cont_count; ++bi) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, ctx.continue_jumps[bi], cont_label);
 }
 for (int bi = 0; bi < ctx.break_count; ++bi) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, ctx.break_jumps[bi], end_label);
 }
 g_loop_ctx = ctx.prev;

 free(ivar);
 free(vvar);
 continue;
 }
 }

 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "if")) {
 int end_jumps[64];
 int end_count = 0;

 for (;;) {
 /* consume 'if' or 'else if' condition */
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "if")) {
 *pos += 2;
 } else {
 /* for 'else if' we arrive here with *pos already after 'if' */
 }

 /* require at least one space before condition if present */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 /* no condition -> treat as false */
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 }

 /* Decide between inline single-statement and indented block on next line */
 size_t ppeek = *pos;
 /* skip spaces after condition */
 while (ppeek < len && src[ppeek] == ' ')
 ppeek++;
 int inline_stmt = 0;
 if (ppeek < len) {
 if (src[ppeek] == '\r' || src[ppeek] == '\n') {
 inline_stmt = 0; /* EOL -> no inline body */
 } else if (ppeek + 1 < len && src[ppeek] == '/' && src[ppeek + 1] == '/') {
 inline_stmt = 0; /* line comment -> no inline body */
 } else if (ppeek + 1 < len && src[ppeek] == '/' && src[ppeek + 1] == '*') {
 inline_stmt = 0; /* block comment at EOL -> no inline body */
 } else {
 inline_stmt = 1; /* there's code after condition on same line */
 }
 }

 /* conditional jump over this clause's inline/body */
 int jmp_false = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 if (inline_stmt) {
 /* Compile a single inline statement on the same line:
 if (cond) <statement> */
 *pos = ppeek;
 parse_simple_statement(bc, src, len, pos);
 /* Skip the inline body when condition is false */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_false, bc->instr_count);
 /* one-liner form has no else/elseif on the same line; end the chain */
 break;
 }

 /* No inline statement on this line: consume up to EOL and parse indented block or else-if/else */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* parse nested block if next line is indented */
 int next_indent = 0;
 size_t look_next = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_next, &next_indent)) {
 if (next_indent > current_indent) {
 /* parse body at increased indent (let parse_block consume the line) */
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, next_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty body; keep *pos at start of that line */
 }
 } else {
 /* EOF -> empty body */
 }

 /* after body, unconditionally jump to end of the whole chain */
 int jmp_end = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);
 if (end_count < (int)(sizeof(end_jumps) / sizeof(end_jumps[0]))) {
 end_jumps[end_count++] = jmp_end;
 } else {
 parser_fail(*pos, "Too many chained else/if clauses");
 return;
 }

 /* patch false-jump target to start of next clause (or fallthrough) */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_false, bc->instr_count);

 /* look for else or else if at the same indentation */
 size_t look = *pos;
 int look_indent = 0;
 if (!read_line_start(src, len, &look, &look_indent)) {
 /* EOF: break and patch end jumps */
 break;
 }
 if (look_indent != current_indent) {
 /* dedent or deeper indent means no 'else' clause here */
 break;
 }
 if (starts_with(src, len, look, "else")) {
 /* consume 'else' */
 *pos = look + 4;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "if")) {
 /* else if -> consume 'if' token and continue loop to parse condition */
 *pos += 2;
 continue;
 } else {
 /* plain else: parse its block and finish the chain */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);
 int else_indent = 0;
 size_t look_else = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_else, &else_indent) && else_indent > current_indent) {
 /* let parse_block consume the line */
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, else_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty else-body */
 }
 /* end of chain after else */
 break;
 }
 } else {
 /* next line is not an else/else if */
 break;
 }
 }

 /* patch all end-of-clause jumps to the end of the chain */
 for (int i = 0; i < end_count; ++i) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, end_jumps[i], bc->instr_count);
 }
 continue;
 }

 /* while loop */
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "while")) {
 *pos += 5;
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);

 int loop_start = bc->instr_count;

 /* condition */
 if (!emit_expression(bc, src, len, pos)) {
 int ci = bytecode_add_constant(bc, make_int(0));
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_LOAD_CONST, ci);
 }
 /* end of condition */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* jump over body if false */
 int jmp_false = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, 0);

 /* enter loop context (continue -> condition) */
 LoopCtx ctx = {{0}, 0, {0}, 0, g_loop_ctx};
 g_loop_ctx = &ctx;

 /* parse body at increased indent (peek indent without advancing pos) */
 int body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_body = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_body, &body_indent) && body_indent > current_indent) {
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, body_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty body allowed */
 }

 /* patch pending continues to loop_start (re-evaluate condition) */
 for (int bi = 0; bi < ctx.cont_count; ++bi) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, ctx.continue_jumps[bi], loop_start);
 }

 /* back edge to loop start */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, loop_start);

 /* end label and patches */
 int end_label = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_false, end_label);
 for (int bi = 0; bi < ctx.break_count; ++bi) {
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, ctx.break_jumps[bi], end_label);
 }
 g_loop_ctx = ctx.prev;
 continue;
 }

 /* try/catch/finally */
 if (starts_with(src, len, *pos, "try")) {
 /* consume 'try' */
 *pos += 3;
 /* end of header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* Install a handler placeholder; will be patched to catch label (or a rethrow stub) */
 int try_push_idx = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TRY_PUSH, 0);

 /* parse try body at increased indent (if any) */
 int try_body_indent = 0;
 size_t look_try = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_try, &try_body_indent) && try_body_indent > current_indent) {
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, try_body_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty try body allowed */
 }

 /* After try body, pop handler for normal (non-exceptional) flow */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_TRY_POP, 0);

 /* on normal completion, jump over catch body */
 int jmp_over_catch_finally = bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_JUMP, 0);

 /* Optional: catch and/or finally clauses at same indentation */
 int seen_catch = 0;
 int seen_finally = 0;
 int catch_label = -1;
 for (;;) {
 size_t look = *pos;
 int look_indent = 0;
 if (!read_line_start(src, len, &look, &look_indent)) break; /* EOF */
 if (look_indent != current_indent) break; /* different indentation -> stop */

 if (!seen_catch && starts_with(src, len, look, "catch")) {
 /* consume 'catch' */
 *pos = look + 5;
 /* optional variable name */
 skip_spaces(src, len, pos);
 char *ex_name = NULL;
 size_t tmp = *pos;
 int have_name = 0;
 if (read_identifier_into(src, len, &tmp, &ex_name)) {
 *pos = tmp;
 have_name = 1;
 }
 /* end of header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* Mark catch label and patch try handler target */
 catch_label = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, try_push_idx, catch_label);

 /* On entering catch, the thrown error is on stack. Bind to name if provided, else pop. */
 if (have_name) {
 int lidx = -1, gi = -1;
 if (g_locals) {
 int existing = local_find(ex_name);
 if (existing >= 0)
 lidx = existing;
 else
 lidx = local_add(ex_name);
 } else {
 gi = sym_index(ex_name);
 }
 if (lidx >= 0)
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_LOCAL, lidx);
 else if (gi >= 0)
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_STORE_GLOBAL, gi);
 else
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POP, 0);
 } else {
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_POP, 0);
 }
 if (ex_name) free(ex_name);

 /* parse catch body at increased indent (if any) */
 int catch_indent = 0;
 size_t look_catch = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_catch, &catch_indent) && catch_indent > current_indent) {
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, catch_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty catch body allowed */
 }
 seen_catch = 1;
 continue;
 }

 if (!seen_finally && starts_with(src, len, look, "finally")) {
 /* consume 'finally' */
 *pos = look + 7;
 /* end of header line */
 skip_to_eol(src, len, pos);

 /* parse finally body at increased indent (if any) */
 int finally_indent = 0;
 size_t look_fin = *pos;
 if (read_line_start(src, len, &look_fin, &finally_indent) && finally_indent > current_indent) {
 parse_block(bc, src, len, pos, finally_indent);
 } else {
 /* empty finally body allowed */
 }

 seen_finally = 1;
 continue;
 }

 /* no recognized clause at this indentation */
 break;
 }

 /* If no catch clause was present, make handler rethrow */
 if (!seen_catch) {
 int rethrow_label = bc->instr_count;
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, try_push_idx, rethrow_label);
 /* at handler: immediately rethrow the incoming error */
 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_THROW, 0);
 }

 /* patch normal-flow jump to here (after catch/finally) */
 bytecode_set_operand(bc, jmp_over_catch_finally, bc->instr_count);
 continue;
 }

 /* otherwise: simple statement on this line */
 parse_simple_statement(bc, src, len, pos);
 }
}

static Bytecode *compile_minimal(const char *src, size_t len) {
 Bytecode *bc = bytecode_new();
 size_t pos = 0;

 /* Refresh namespace alias table for this compilation unit */
 ns_aliases_reset();
 ns_aliases_scan(src, len);

 skip_shebang_if_present(src, len, &pos);

 /* Allow top-of-file function definitions; do not skip any leading 'fun' line */
 skip_comments(src, len, &pos);
 skip_ws(src, len, &pos);

 /* parse the top-level block at indent 0 */
 parse_block(bc, src, len, &pos, 0);

 bytecode_add_instruction(bc, OP_HALT, 0);
 return bc;
}

Bytecode *parse_file_to_bytecode(const char *path) {
 size_t len = 0;
 char *src = read_file_all(path, &len);
 if (!src) {
 fprintf(stderr, "Error: cannot read file: %s\n", path);
 return NULL;
 }

 /* Preprocess includes before compiling (with path for accurate markers) */
 char *prep = preprocess_includes_with_path(src, path);
 const char *compile_src = prep ? prep : src;
 size_t compile_len = strlen(compile_src);

 /* reset error state */
 g_has_error = 0;
 g_err_pos = 0;
 g_err_msg[0] = '\0';
 g_err_line = 0;
 g_err_col = 0;

 /* Set current source path for nested bytecodes to inherit */
 const char *prev_source = g_current_source_path;
 g_current_source_path = path;
 Bytecode *bc = compile_minimal(compile_src, compile_len);
 /* assign debug metadata to module bytecode */
 if (bc) {
 if (bc->source_file) free((void *)bc->source_file);
 bc->source_file = path ? strdup(path) : strdup("<input>");
 if (bc->name) free((void *)bc->name);
 /* derive name from basename of path */
 const char *bn = path ? strrchr(path, '/') : NULL;
 const char *base = bn ? bn + 1 : (path ? path : "<input>");
 bc->name = strdup(base);
 }
 /* restore previous */
 g_current_source_path = prev_source;

 if (g_has_error) {
 int line = 1, col = 1;
 calc_line_col(compile_src, compile_len, g_err_pos, &line, &col);

 /* If the preprocessor injected an initial include marker line, compensate
 * it in the outward-reported top-level line number so it matches the
 * physical file. The marker may appear on the first line OR on the second
 * line if a shebang was preserved as line 1. We therefore check the first
 * non-shebang line for the marker and, if the error lies after that line,
 * subtract exactly one from the reported line. */
 {
 const char *marker0 = "// __include_begin__: ";
 size_t m0 = strlen(marker0);

 /* Determine start of first logical line to examine (skip shebang) */
 size_t start = 0;
 if (compile_len >= 2 && compile_src[0] == '#' && compile_src[1] == '!') {
 /* skip to end of shebang line (handle CR/LF/CRLF) */
 while (start < compile_len && compile_src[start] != '\n' && compile_src[start] != '\r') start++;
 if (start < compile_len && compile_src[start] == '\r') {
 start++;
 if (start < compile_len && compile_src[start] == '\n') start++;
 } else if (start < compile_len && compile_src[start] == '\n') {
 start++;
 }
 }

 /* Find beginning and end of that (first non-shebang) line */
 size_t ls = start;
 size_t eol0 = ls;
 while (eol0 < compile_len && compile_src[eol0] != '\n') eol0++;

 if (ls + m0 <= compile_len && strncmp(compile_src + ls, marker0, m0) == 0) {
 /* If the error is positioned after the synthetic marker line, reduce the outward line */
 if (g_err_pos > eol0) {
 if (line > 1) line -= 1;
 }
 }
 }

 g_err_line = line;
 g_err_col = col;

 /* Try to locate include context marker preceding error */
 const char *marker = "// __include_begin__: ";
 size_t mlen = strlen(marker);
 int inner_line = -1;
 int base_line = 1;
 char inc_path[512];
 inc_path[0] = '\0';
 /* scan backward to find last marker line */
 size_t scan = g_err_pos;
 while (scan > 0) {
 /* find start of current line */
 size_t ls = scan;
 while (ls > 0 && compile_src[ls - 1] != '\n')
 ls--;
 /* check if this line starts with marker */
 if (ls + mlen <= compile_len && strncmp(compile_src + ls, marker, mlen) == 0) {
 /* Parse marker: path [as alias] [@line N] */
 size_t p = ls + mlen;
 size_t eol = p;
 while (eol < compile_len && compile_src[eol] != '\n') eol++;
 /* locate separators */
 size_t pos_as = eol, pos_line = eol;
 for (size_t t = p; t + 3 < eol; ++t) {
 if (compile_src[t] == ' ' && strncmp(compile_src + t, " as ", 4) == 0) { pos_as = t; break; }
 }
 for (size_t t = p; t + 6 < eol; ++t) {
 if (compile_src[t] == ' ' && strncmp(compile_src + t, " @line ", 7) == 0) { pos_line = t; break; }
 }
 size_t path_end = pos_as < pos_line ? pos_as : pos_line;
 if (path_end < p) path_end = eol;
 size_t copy = (path_end - p) < sizeof(inc_path) - 1 ? (path_end - p) : sizeof(inc_path) - 1;
 memcpy(inc_path, compile_src + p, copy);
 inc_path[copy] = '\0';

 /* parse optional base line value */
 base_line = 1;
 if (pos_line < eol) {
 size_t num_start = pos_line + 7;
 while (num_start < eol && compile_src[num_start] == ' ') num_start++;
 int v = 0;
 while (num_start < eol && compile_src[num_start] >= '0' && compile_src[num_start] <= '9') {
 v = v * 10 + (compile_src[num_start] - '0');
 num_start++;
 }
 if (v > 0) base_line = v;
 }

 /* compute inner line as number of newlines from (eol+1) to error position */
 int count = 1;
 size_t q = (eol < compile_len && compile_src[eol] == '\n') ? (eol + 1) : eol;
 while (q < g_err_pos) {
 if (compile_src[q] == '\n') count++;
 q++;
 }
 inner_line = count;
 break;
 }
 /* move to previous line */
 if (ls == 0) break;
 scan = ls - 1;
 }

 if (inner_line > 0 && inc_path[0] != '\0') {
 /* Adjust for shebang in included physical file */
 int shebang_adjust = 0;
 FILE *sf = fopen(inc_path, "rb");
 if (sf) {
 int c1 = fgetc(sf);
 int c2 = fgetc(sf);
 if (c1 == '#' && c2 == '!') shebang_adjust = 1;
 fclose(sf);
 }
 int mapped_inner = inner_line + (base_line - 1) + shebang_adjust;
 /* If the include context points to the same top-level path, suppress the redundant trailer. */
 if (path && strcmp(path, inc_path) == 0) {
 fprintf(stderr, "Parse error %s:%d:%d: %s\n",
 path, line, col, g_err_msg);
 } else {
 fprintf(stderr, "Parse error %s:%d:%d: %s (in %s:%d)\n",
 path ? path : "<input>", line, col, g_err_msg, inc_path, mapped_inner);
 }
 } else {
 fprintf(stderr, "Parse error %s:%d:%d: %s\n", path ? path : "<input>", line, col, g_err_msg);
 }

 if (bc) bytecode_free(bc);
 if (prep) free(prep);
 free(src);
 return NULL;
 }

 if (prep) free(prep);
 free(src);
 return bc;
}

Bytecode *parse_string_to_bytecode(const char *source) {
 if (!source) {
 fprintf(stderr, "Error: null source provided\n");
 return NULL;
 }

 /* Preprocess includes before compiling */
 char *prep = preprocess_includes(source);
 const char *compile_src = prep ? prep : source;
 size_t len = strlen(compile_src);

 /* reset error state */
 g_has_error = 0;
 g_err_pos = 0;
 g_err_msg[0] = '\0';
 g_err_line = 0;
 g_err_col = 0;

 /* Set current source path to <input> for nested bytecodes */
 const char *prev_src = g_current_source_path;
 g_current_source_path = NULL;
 Bytecode *bc = compile_minimal(compile_src, len);
 if (bc) {
 if (bc->source_file) free((void *)bc->source_file);
 bc->source_file = strdup("<input>");
 if (bc->name) free((void *)bc->name);
 bc->name = strdup("<input>");
 }
 g_current_source_path = prev_src;

 if (g_has_error) {
 int line = 1, col = 1;
 calc_line_col(compile_src, len, g_err_pos, &line, &col);
 g_err_line = line;
 g_err_col = col;
 if (bc) bytecode_free(bc);
 if (prep) free(prep);
 return NULL;
 }
 if (prep) free(prep);
 return bc;
}

int parser_last_error(char *msgBuf, unsigned long msgCap, int *outLine, int *outCol) {
 if (!g_has_error) return 0;
 if (msgBuf && msgCap > 0) {
 snprintf(msgBuf, msgCap, "%s", g_err_msg);
 }
 if (outLine) *outLine = g_err_line;
 if (outCol) *outCol = g_err_col;
 return 1;
}